2 ATP + HCO₂ + NH₂ 2 ADP, P-CPS-1 отс ARGI ASL CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HỆ NH coo -858- ASS HỘ NHĨ coo H₂N NH₂ H₂O Which enzyme catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction? OTC ASS ASL ARG1 ATP PP L-Asp AMP - 000 coo CH₂ CH₂ 1 L-ornithine 2 carbamoylphosphate 3 L-citrulline 4 argininosuccinato 5 fumarate 6 L-arginine 7 urea L-Asp L-aspartate CPS-1 carbamoyl phosphate synthetase OTC Ornithine transcarbamoylase ASS argininosuccinate synthetase ASL argininosuccinate lyase ARG1 arginase 1 OH NH₂
2 ATP + HCO₂ + NH₂ 2 ADP, P-CPS-1 отс ARGI ASL CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ HỆ NH coo -858- ASS HỘ NHĨ coo H₂N NH₂ H₂O Which enzyme catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction? OTC ASS ASL ARG1 ATP PP L-Asp AMP - 000 coo CH₂ CH₂ 1 L-ornithine 2 carbamoylphosphate 3 L-citrulline 4 argininosuccinato 5 fumarate 6 L-arginine 7 urea L-Asp L-aspartate CPS-1 carbamoyl phosphate synthetase OTC Ornithine transcarbamoylase ASS argininosuccinate synthetase ASL argininosuccinate lyase ARG1 arginase 1 OH NH₂
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Question
Transcribed Image Text:### Urea Cycle
The image shows the urea cycle, which is a series of biochemical reactions occurring in many animals that produce urea ((NH2)2CO) from ammonia (NH3). This cycle is essential for the removal of excess nitrogen.
#### Key Components
1. **1 - Ornithine**
2. **2 - Carbamoyl phosphate**
3. **3 - Citrulline**
4. **4 - Argininosuccinate**
5. **5 - Fumarate**
6. **6 - Arginine**
7. **7 - Urea**
8. **L-Asp - L-aspartate**
#### Enzymes Involved:
- **CPS-1 (Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I)**: Converts 2 ATP, HCO₃⁻, and NH₄⁺ into carbamoyl phosphate.
- **OTC (Ornithine transcarbamylase)**: Catalyzes the production of citrulline from ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate.
- **ASS (Argininosuccinate synthetase)**: Facilitates the formation of argininosuccinate from citrulline and L-aspartate (L-Asp) with the consumption of ATP.
- **ASL (Argininosuccinate lyase)**: Breaks down argininosuccinate into arginine and fumarate.
- **ARG1 (Arginase 1)**: Converts arginine into urea and ornithine.
#### Detailed Diagram Explanation
- The process starts in the mitochondria where **CPS-1** catalyzes the reaction of ammonia (NH₄⁺), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), and 2 ATP to form carbamoyl phosphate (2).
- **OTC** then combines carbamoyl phosphate with ornithine (1) to produce citrulline (3).
- Citrulline is transported out of the mitochondria into the cytosol, where **ASS** catalyzes the reaction of citrulline with L-aspartate to form argininosuccinate (4), in an ATP-dependent manner.
- **ASL** then breaks down argininosuccinate into arginine (6) and fumarate (5).
- Finally, **ARG1** catalyzes the hydrolysis of arginine to produce u
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