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12. What is the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis?
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Solved in 2 steps
- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/rheuarthritis) to learn about the symptoms and treatments for rheumatoid arthritis. Which system of the body malfunctions in rheumatoid arthritis and what does this cause?9. Define osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma and rickets. Include symptoms and causes.16.What are the causes associated with osteoporosis in women and men?17.How does osteoporosis differ from osteomalacia? Name three differences.18. What are the risk factors for osteomyelitis?19. How does noninflammatory joint disease differ from inflammatory joint disease? Describe two principal features of each.20. How does rheumatoid arthritis affect the skin, heart, lungs, and kidneys?21. How do monosodium urate crystals cause gout to develop?22. What is the main objective clinical finding in fibromyalgia?23. How do metabolic muscle diseases develop? What causes them?24. Name one toxic myopathy and explain why it develops.25. From what cells do bone tumors originate?26. Compare five major characteristics of benign bone tumors with those of malignant bone tumors.27. How does the presence of metastatic tumors affect treatment options and prognosis of persons with osteosarcoma?
- 10. A 55-year-old woman presented to the hospital with complaints of muscle weakness, fatigue, night cramps, pain in the lumbar region. When fluoroscopy revealed a decrease in bone density, a violation of bone structure. The patient was diagnosed with osteoporosis («porous bones»). Osteoporosis is a common cause of fractures of the spine, femur and forearm bones. The doctor prescribed treatment with calcitriol and calcium supplements. Calcitriol receptors exist in two allelic variants B and b. Studies have shown that dominant homozygotes BB are more susceptible to osteoporosis and this patient has this genotype. What are the other causes of osteoporosis and what is the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of calcitriol? For answer: d) name the main causes of osteoporosis; e) explain why the use of calcitriol and calcium preparations improves the condition of patients with osteoporosis.10. A 55-year-old woman presented to the hospital with complaints of muscle weakness, fatigue, night cramps, pain in the lumbar region. When fluoroscopy revealed a decrease in bone density, a violation of bone structure. The patient was diagnosed with osteoporosis («porous bones»). Osteoporosis is a common cause of fractures of the spine, femur and forearm bones. The doctor prescribed treatment with calcitriol and calcium supplements. Calcitriol receptors exist in two allelic variants B and b. Studies have shown that dominant homozygotes BB are more susceptible to osteoporosis and this patient has this genotype. What are the other causes of osteoporosis and what is the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of calcitriol? For answer: a) indicate the target organs of calcitriol; b) write a scheme for the calcitriol synthesis; c) describe the mechanism of calcitriol action on target cells;1 Joint Diseases: Osteoarthritis Elmo is a 60-year-old man who played soccer throughout his teenage years and early adulthood. He injured his ankle when he was young and is now suffering from osteoarthritis in his ankle joint. He complains of pain and stiffness when he walks, cannot move his foot in all directions, and his left leg looks thinner than his right leg. The doctor explained to him that the articular cartilages covering the bones of his ankle are eroding and being replaced by bone. The bones are limiting his movements and the lack of muscle use is destroying his muscle making his leg appear thinner. Elmo was given medication and an exercise regime to follow. You can help him understand his disease by completing the following tasks: Identify the following: 4. Pivot 5. Saddle 6. Ball and socket