11. Study Questions and Problems #11 Suppose that the U.S. economy is experiencing a bout of stagflation and a bill is introduced to fight the inflation and increasing unemployment by imposing wage and price controls. This bill would freeze the price level at 150, while the aggregate supply curve shifts from AS₁ to AS1. 350 AS AS 300 250 200 150 100 50 + E E Control Price Level AD With price controls, the economy ends up in equilibrium at point with real GDP equal to ? 4 2 3

11. Study Questions and Problems #11 Suppose that the U.S. economy is experiencing a bout of stagflation and a bill is introduced to fight the inflation and increasing unemployment by imposing wage and price controls. This bill would freeze the price level at 150, while the aggregate supply curve shifts from AS₁ to AS1. 350 AS AS 300 250 200 150 100 50 + E E Control Price Level AD With price controls, the economy ends up in equilibrium at point with real GDP equal to ? 4 2 3

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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QUESTION 1 The aggregate demand curve: is upward sloping because a higher price level is necessary to make production profitable as production costs rise. is downward sloping because production costs decline as real output increases. O shows the amount of expenditures required to induce the production of each possible level of real output. O shows the amount of real output that will be purchased at each possible price level. O shows the various amounts of real output that businesses will produce at each price level.
8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion. Suppose the government increases spending on building and repairing highways, bridges, and ports. Shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the increase in government spending. 240 AS 200 AD 160 AS 120 80 AD 40 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 OUTPUT (Billions of dollars) In the short run, the increase in government spending on infrastructure causes the price level to the price level people expected and the quantity of output to the natural level of output. The increase in government spending will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run. Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion, before the increase in…
22. When the aggregate demand curve and the short-run aggregate supply curve intersect, A) the long-run aggregate supply curve must also intersect at the same point. B) inflation must be increasing. C) structural and frictional unemployment equal zero. D) the economy is in short-run macroeconomic equilibrium. 23. Interest rates in the economy have fallen. How will this affect aggregate demand and equilibrium in the short run? A) Aggregate demand will rise, the equilibrium price level will rise, and the equilibrium level of GDP will rise. B) Aggregate demand will rise, the equilibrium price level will fall, and the equilibrium level of GDP will rise. C) Aggregate demand will fall, the equilibrium price level will fall, and the equilibrium level of GDP will fall. D) Aggregate demand will fall, the equilibrium price level will rise, and the equilibrium level of GDP will fall.
15. Suppose a developing country receives more machinery and capital equipment as foreign entrepreneurs increase the amount of investment in the economy. As a result, A) the long-run aggregate supply curve will shift to the right. B) the long-run aggregate supply curve will shift to the left. C) the economy will move up along the long-run aggregate supply curve. D) the economy will move down along the long-run aggregate supply curve. 16. Which aggregate supply curve has a positive slope? A) long-run only B) short-run only C) both long-run and short-run D) neither long-run nor short-run
3. Why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward The graph below shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve for a hypothetical economy. At point X, the quantity of output demanded is $500 billion, and the price level is 120. Moving up along the AD curve from point X to point Y, the quantity of output demanded falls to $300 billion, and the price level rises to 140. PRICE LEVEL 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 Y X AD (?
8. Economic fluctuations I The following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of $600 billion. Suppose a sudden and severe contraction in the housing market reduces the value of homes and causes consumers to spend less. Shift the short-run aggregate supply (AS) curve or the aggregate demand (AD) curve to show the short-run impact of the housing market slump. (2) 240 AS 200 AD 140 AS 120 80 AD 40 200 400 800 1000 1200 OUTPUT (BIlons of dollars) In the short run, the decrease in consumption spending associated with the housing market contraction causes the price level to * the price level people expected and the quantity of output to v the natural level of output. The housing market slump will cause the unemployment rate to the natural rate of unemployment in the short run. Again, the following graph shows the economy in long-run equilibrium at the expected price level of 120 and the natural level of output of…
6. Aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and the Phillips curve In the year 2023, aggregate demand and aggregate supply in the fictional country of Bartak are represented by the curves AD2023 and AS on the following graph. The price level is 102. The graph also shows two possible outcomes for 2024. The first potential aggregate demand curve is given by the ADA curve, resulting in the outcome illustrated by point A. The second potential aggregate demand curve is given by the ADB curve, resulting in the outcome illustrated by point B. 108 107 AS 106 B 105 A 104 AD 2023 103 AD. 102 AD 101 100 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 OUTPUT (Trillions of dollars) Suppose the unemployment rate is 7% under one of these two outcomes and 5% under the other. Based on the previous graph, you would expect to be associated with the higher unemployment rate (7%). If aggregate demand is low in 2024, and the economy is at outcome A, the inflation rate between 2023 and 2024 is PRICE LEVEL
5. Why the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short run In the short run, the quantity of output that firms supply can deviate from the natural level of output if the actual price level in the economy deviates from the expected price level. Several theories explain how this might happen. For example, the sticky-wage theory asserts that output prices adjust more quickly to changes in the price level than wages do, in part because of long-term wage contracts. Suppose a firm signs a contract agreeing to pay its workers $15 per hour for the next year, based on an expected price level of 100. If the actual price level turns out to be 110, the firm's output prices will v, and the wages the firm pays its workers will remain fixed at the contracted level. The firm will respond to the unexpected increase in the price level by the quantity of output It supplles. If many firms face simlarly rigld wage contracts, the unexpected Increase In the price level causes the quantity of output…
170 Price 140 level 120 100 D AD5 AD4 AD 3 AD, AD2 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 Real GDP In Exhibit 20-8, if aggregate demand shifts from AD₁ to AD3, O a. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $4.0, and the price level will increase from 100 to 140. Ob. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $7.0, and the price level will increase from 100 to 120. Oc. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $7.0, and the price level will increase from 100 to 140. Od. real GDP will increase from $3.0 to $4.0, and the price level does not change.
✔ 2 Aplia Assignment Ch 20 4. Determinants of aggregate supply The following graph shows a decrease in short-ron aggregate supply (AS) in a hypothetical economy where the currency is the dollar Specifically, the short-un aggregate supply curve shifts to the left from AS, to AS, causing the quantity of output supplied at a price level of 100 to fall from $200 billion to $150 billion K 1 1 **### PRICE LEVEL 200 20 QUANTITY OF OUTPUT 380 400 The following table lists several determinants of short-run aggregate supply. Regulations on the firm Tax rates Input prices Complete the table by selecting the changes in each scenario necessary to decrease short-run aggregate supply Change Necessary to Decrease AS Grade It Now Save & Continue Continue without saving
9. Problems and Applications Q3 Suppose an economy is in long-run equilibrium. The central bank raises the money supply by 5 percent. Use your diagram to show what happens to output and the price level as the economy moves from the initial to the new short-run equilibrium. Price Level LRAS Aggregate Supply Aggregate Demand Quantity of Output Aggregate Demand 10 Aggregate Supply Now adjust the graph to show the new long-run equilibrium. What causes the economy to move from its short-run equilibrium to its long-run equilibrium? Nominal wages, prices, and perceptions adjust upward to this new price level. The government increases taxes to curb aggregate demand. The government increases spending to increase aggregate demand. Nominal wages, prices, and perceptions adjust downward to this new price level. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregate supply, nominal wages at the initial equilibrium are nominal wages at the short-run equilibrium resulting from the increase in the money…
9. Money Supply Suppose an economy is in long-run equilibrium. The central bank raises the money supply by 5 percent. Use your diagram to show what happens to output and the price level as the economy moves from the initial to the new short-run equilibrium. RANDO LHAS Aggregale Supply * A Demand Quantity of Oulpul Now adjust the graph to show the new long-run equilibrium. Aggregate and - Aggregate Supply What causes the economy to move from its short-run equilibrium to its long-run equilibrium? The government increases taxes to curb aggregate demand. The government increases spending to increase aggregate demand. O Nominal wages, prices, and perceptions adjust downward to this new price level. O Nominal wages, prices, and perceptions adjust upward to this new price level. Which of the following is true according to the sticky-wage theory of aggregate supply as a result of the increase in the money supply? Check all that apply. Nominal wages at the initial equilibrium are equal to…