1. What mRNA sequence is synthesized from a section of DNA that is 3’-TTGACCT-5’?
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1. What mRNA sequence is synthesized from a section of DNA that is
3’-TTGACCT-5’?
2. In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA?
3. Define transcription and translation. Which process occurs first to make protein from DNA?
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- 1.What is corresponding amino acid chain of the mRNA sequence AUG-CGU-UCU-GCU GGU-UAG? 2. What are the tRNA anticodons of the mRNA codons from item 1? 3. What is the complementary DNA strand of the mRNA strand from item no 1? 4. The DNA strand from item 3 undergoes replication. What will be its complementary DNA strand?1. What is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule: 5’-AATGCGATCTTCAT-3’?2. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA transcribed from the template DNA strand: 3’-GCTACAAAAAGTCCATAATCGC-5’? Indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends.3. If the mRNA sequence you obtained in question 2 were to be translated, what would be the sequence of amino acids? Indicate the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids.1. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA transcribed from the template DNA strand: 3’-GCTACAAAAAGTCCATAATCGC-5’? Indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends. Follow the same format as the given sequence. 2. If the mRNA sequence you obtained in question 2 were to be translated, what would be the sequence of amino acids in the peptide? Use the 3-letter code of the amino acids. Separate the amino acids with a dash (-). NO NEED to indicate the N- and C-terminal amino acids. Assumption is that the first amino acid is the N-terminal. 3. If the mRNA sequence you obtained in question 2 were to be translated, what would be the sequence of amino acids in the peptide? Use the 3-letter code of the amino acids. Separate the amino acids with a dash (-). NO NEED to indicate the N- and C-terminal amino acids. The assumption is that the first amino acid is the N-terminal.
- 1. Define transcription and translation. Which process occurs first to make protein from DNA? 2. In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA?4.) what is the amino acid chain that your answer in item 2 will dictate? Question in Item 2: The complementary strand from item 1 undergoes transcription. What will be its mRNA complementary strand? Answer : The mRNA complementary strand from this complementary strand obtained from item 1 should be:AAGUUUCGCCCCGGG. 5.) Suppose that the amino acid chain in item 4 is altered. In what stage replication, transcription, or translation) could an error have occured? Explain your answer using the template DNA from item 1. Question in item 1 : if a DNA template with the sequence AAGTTTCGCCCCGGG undergoes replication, what will be its complementary DNA strand? Answer : According to complementary base pairing rules, A is complementary to T and G is complementary to C. Hence the complementary DNA strand should be:TTCAAAGCGGGGCCC11. The segment of DNA below contains three exons and two introns. The length of each section is as follows: Exon 1: 90 base pairs Exon 2: 110 base pairs Exon 3: 70 base pairs Intron 1: 180 base pairs Intron 2: 120 base pairs Initiation Site Intron 1 Promoter Exon 1 Intron2 Exon 3 Termination Site A. How long will the coding region of the processed mRNA transcript be? (Remember that stop codons are indeed transcribed into mRNA.) B. How many amino acids will be included in the translated protein? (Careful!) X PolyA site Exon 2
- DNA Leading strand: 5' AAA ATA | CGC TTT| TTA ATT | AAC CCC GGG 3' A I B IC| D Exons: A, C, D Introns: B 1. What is the structure of hnRNA transcribed from this template? 2. What is the structure of the MRNA obtained by splicing the hnRNA? 3. What will be the polypeptide sequence to be synthesized using this mRNA?1. Determine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below: 3’ T A C A T G C C G A A T G C C 5’ 2. how will replication happen by mentioning the enzyme needed then transcribe to form mRNA. 3. Discuss what will happen to mRNA, then translate, mentioning the anticodon to be used 4. Look at the genetic code to know what amino acid will become part of the polypeptide chain.1. Given the piece of MRNA: 5'-CCUGCAGUAUGAAACGCCUGGUAGAAGGUGGGAAGUGGUGCGCC-3' 1. Predict the DNA strand sequence from which it was transcribe 2. List the complementary non-coding DNA Sequence 3. List the Amino acid Sequence of the protein coded for. Use the Genetic Code 2. Below is a short segment of a DNA molecule. Translate the DNA codon into MRNA. 5'- TACCATGAGAATTGTGG TCACCTTTTT-3' 3'- ATGGTACTCTTAACACCAGTGGAAAA A-5' MRNA Sequence Amino Acid Sequence
- 26. Using the following DNA strand, write out the mRNA, and then the amino acids. DNA: 3' T- A- C- A- A- G- T- A- C- T- T- G- T- T- T- C- T- T- A- A- A 5' A LIGUULAUGAOLAAAGAAUUL Phe- MRNA: Amino Acids: met Phe- met Asme -LyS- G la- 27. Suppose the two guanosine (G) nucleotides in3 above were changed to two cytosine (C) nucleotides. What is the new amino acid chain? 28. Suppose the two guanosine (G) nucleotides in #3 were removed from the DNA strand. How would this mutation affect the amino acid chain? Write out the new amino acid chain.6. Similar to the class notes (Intro to Genetics), a segment of DNA (shown below) contains a promoter segment (the first 9 base pairs), a ribosome binding segment (the next 6 base pairs), and a segment that codes for protein synthesis which is started by the rest of the base pairs. ACTCCATTGAACCATTTCTATGATCCGCTAACG-... TGAGGTAACTTGGTAAAGATACTAGGCGATTGC-... A. When the DNA is induced to be copied to mRNA, the top strand is coding, meaning that the mRNA makes an identical copy of the lower strand (replacing T with U) The mRNA copy starts with the ribosome binding sequence. What is the sequence of the mRNA that will go to the ribosomes? B. What are the first 6 amino acids of the protein that are coded for by the mRNA? C. What would the amino acid sequence be if... i. a transition mutation occurred on the final G in the mRNA? ii. all of the G & C bases in the protein synthesis portion had transition mutations? iii. a point deletion mutation occurred in the ATA sequence (in the lower strand…7. The following amino acid sequence represents part of a protein. The normal sequence and a mutant form are shown. By consulting Table 3-1 in your textbook, determine the double-stranded sequence of the corresponding section of the normal gene. Which strand is the strand that RNA polymerase "reads" and copies? What would the sequence of the resulting mRNA be? What kind of mutation is the mutant protein most likely to represent? Normal -lys-arg-his-his-tyr-leu- Mutant 1 -lys-arg-his-his-cys-leu- Geneticists are studying a malfunctioning protein that causes impaired endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. They have noticed that the amino acid sequence of the protein is truncated compared to normal controls. The mutated mRNA strand is isolated, and analysis shows a mutation located near the 3' end of the coding region. The 3' terminal coding sequence of the abnormal mRNA strand is shown below. 5-...-AUG-ACC-ACU-CCA-CUG-UUG-UUC-CAA-GGG-GAG-AGC-UAG-GUC-CGG- GGC-GGA-AAA-UUU-UAA-3 Using…