1. What is the correct order of enzyme action during DNA replication? Number the steps from 1 to 7. HINT: Refer to the slide show and video lecture on this topic to help you solve this one: Synthesis of RNA primers (priming) Ligation Helicase/topoisomerase activity Single-stranded binding proteins bind and prevent reannealing DNA polymerization/proofreading 5'-3' exonuclease activity/DNA polymerization Binding to origin of replication (AT rich sequence)
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
![I. What is the correct order of enzyme action during DNA replication? Number the steps from 1 to 7.
HINT: Refer to the slide show and video lecture on this topic to help you solve this one:
Synthesis of RNA primers (priming)
Ligation
II. A double-stranded DNA molecule with the sequence shown below can produce a polypeptide that is
four amino acids long. Identify which DNA strands are the coding and the transcribed template strands
by circling C or T to the left of the table below, respectively. Use an arrow to indicate the direction of
transcription. In the table, show the mRNA sequences and amino acids in this peptide. In spaces to
the left and right of the table, label all 5' and 3' ends of all relevant nucleic acid strands.
READ CAREFULLY: The table gives you the possibility of filling in answers that show transcription
from either strand or in either direction. You are only required to fill in the information relevant to
ONE PEPTIDE (no others). Refer to the genetic code on the following page. HINT: While we read and
write in 2D from left to right, in the 3D world of a cell there is no such restriction on reading and
writing associated with transcription or translation.
AA
mRNA
C or T TAC ATG ATC ATT TCA CGG AAT TTC TAG CAT
mRNA
Helicase/topoisomerase activity
Single-stranded binding proteins bind and prevent reannealing
DNA polymerization/proofreading
5'-3' exonuclease activity/DNA polymerization
Binding to origin of replication (AT rich sequence)
AA
1.
C or T ATG TAC TAG TAA AGT GCC TTA AAG ATC GTA CAT
TT
If the bottom strand is transcribed from left to right, the 4th tRNA anticodon is
the amino acid
in the 4th position of the nascent polypeptide.
First letter
GENETIC CODE
If the upper strand is transcribed from right to left and a nonsense mutation occurs in the 3rd codon,
the last tRNA anticodon is
which inserts the amino acid
in the last position of the
nascent polypeptide.
с
G
UUU
UUC
UUA
:]
UUG
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
AUU
AUC
AUA
AUG
]
GUU
GUC
GUA
GUG
U
Phenylalanine
(Phe)
Leucine
(Leu)
Leucine
(Leu)
Isoleucine
(Ile)
Methionine
(Met)
Valine
(Val)
UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
ACU
ACC
ACA
ACG
GCU
GCC
GCA
GCG
C
Second letter
Serine
(Ser)
Proline
(Pro)
Threonine
(Thr)
Alanine
(Ala)
UAU
2]
UAC
UAA
UAG
CAU
CAC
CAA
CAG
AAU
AAC
AAA
AAG
GAU
GAC
GAA
GAG
]
]
]
A
Tyrosine
(Tyr)
Stop
Stop
Histidine
(His)
Glutamine.
(Gln)
Asparagine
(Asn)
Lysine
(Lys)
Aspartic acid.
(Asp)
Glutamic acid
(Glu)
CGU
CGC
CGA
CGG
UGU
UGC
UGA
Stop
A
UGG Tryptophan G
(Trp)
AGU
AGC
AGA
AGG
GGU
GGC
GGA
GGG
لالا
, which inserts
]
GTA
Cysteine U
(Cys)
Arginine
(Arg)
Serine
(Ser)
Arginine
(Arg)
Glycine
(Gly)
DCAG
U
А
U
DCAG
1.
1.
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