1. Using Fischer Projection, draw each of the reaction. for the investment phase of Glycolyse 1 G10-G6P 2) G6PF6P 3 F6PF16bP 4) F16bP-> G3P+DHAP 4) F16DP -> G13P + DHAP 5.)DHAP-> G3 P.
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- An "AA" genotype at the ALOX5AP -4900 A>G locus acting in the 5-lipoxygenase pathway may increase risk of breast cancer when intake of which fatty acid is high? a) Stearic acid b) Eicosapentanoic acid c) Linoleic acid d) Alpha-linolenic acidIn the liver, what is the major regulation that dictates fate of pyruvate vs lactate? (This can tie into reading assignment!) a) Activation of MCT1 to transport lactate out of cell b) Activation of pyruvate carboxylase and conc dictating use of lactate dehydrogenase, inhibition of PDHC c) Activation of lactate dehydrogen, inactivation of pyruvate carboxylasease and PDHC d) Activation of lactate dehydrogenase and MCT1 (transporter)An increase in PCO2 will result in which of the following? O a) An increased affinity between PO, and Hb, shifting the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the right b) An increased affinity between PO, and Hb, shifting the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the left O c) A decreased affinity between PO, and Hb, shifting the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the right O d) A decreased affinity between PO, and Hb, shifting the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve to the left
- A)Carrier of the activated amino acids to the ribosomes for incorporation into the growing peptide chain. B)Molecule that attaches to myosin and actin during muscle contraction. C)The reduced cofactor important in the TCA cycle and used in the last part of respiration. Please identify the terms.2. The Ca2+ ATPase pumps on the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane play an important role in muscle contraction. In patients with muscular dystrophy, there is some evidence that shows the expression of the Ca2+ ATPase pumps is diminished (there are fewer). Which of the following cellular effects may be a result of the diminished number of Ca2+ ATPase pumps? A)Reduced Ca2+ release through the RyR B)Reduced Ca2+ uptake into the SR C)Slowed activity of the Na/K pump D)Reduced communication between the DHP receptor and the Ca2+ ATPase pumps E)Reduced communication between the DHP Receptor and the Ryanodine receptorIt is not an easy matter to assign particular func-tions to specific components of the basal lamina, sincethe overall structure is a complicated composite materialwith both mechanical and signaling properties. Nidogen,for example, cross-links two central components of thebasal lamina by binding to the laminin γ-1 chain and totype IV collagen. Given such a key role, it was surprisingthat mice with a homozygous knockout of the gene fornidogen-1 were entirely healthy, with no abnormal phe-notype. Similarly, mice homozygous for a knockout of thegene for nidogen-2 also appeared completely normal. Bycontrast, mice that were homozygous for a defined muta-tion in the gene for laminin γ-1, which eliminated just thebinding site for nidogen, died at birth with severe defectsin lung and kidney formation. The mutant portion of thelaminin γ-1 chain is thought to have no other functionthan to bind nidogen, and does not affect laminin struc-ture or its ability to assemble into the basal lamina.…
- Refer to Figure 3 which shows the relationship between phosphofuctokinase-1 (PFK-1) activity and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. 100 +F2,6BP 80 60 40 -F2,6BP 20 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.7 1.0 2.0 4.0 EFructose 6-phosphate] (mm) Figure 3 (i) Explain the PFK-1 activity in the absence and presence of fructose 2, 6- bisphosphate. (ii) Explain the effect of increased ATP on PFK-I PFK-1 activity (% of Vma)Which of the following is CORRECT? A) Pyruvate kinase requires Mg2+ for maximal activity. B) A small change of ATP concentrations within a cell leads to large changes of AMP concentrations. C) A reduction of ATP concentrations will ultimately raise pyruvate kinase activity. D) All of the above. E) None of the above.Glucosamine is a common compound that inhibits hexokinase action (the transfer of a phosphate group to glucose during glycolysis). A) Describe the consequences of glucosamine exposure on cellular respiration. B) Is glucosamine exposure fatal? Why or why not?
- State the function and desired products of the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway.1) How is the TCA cycle regulated? a) Draw the TCA diagram that fills in all possible regulation points.PDHC is an enzyme complex consisting of 3 different enzymes. Which of the following processes regulate the activity of PDH Complex? (multiple answers) A) Phosphorylation/Dephosphorylation of E1 B) High levels of cAMP C) Acetylation/Deacetylation of E1 D) High NADH/NAD+ ratio E) High NAD+/NADH ratio