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1. For the traits in the table below, decide which character states are primitive and which are derived. If there are more than two character states for the trait, decide what the order (polarity) is for primitive → derived. When in doubt, look at the state for humans- we are the most derived primate in this set, while the lemur is the least derived. On the lines below the table, write out the order of the character state for each of the traits. Trait "tooth comb" has been done for you. Table of traits: Tooth Orbit Primate comb Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human no wall 2123 yes orthograde biped Tarsier no partial wall 2133 no pronograde quadruped Baboon no wall 2123 no pronograde quadruped Chimpanzee no wall 2123 yes orthograde quadruped Lemur yes bar 2133 no pronograde quadruped Howler monkey no wall 2133 по pronograde quadruped Tooth comb: yes (tooth comb present) → no (no tooth comb present)_ Orbit enclosure: Dental formula: Y-5 molar: Body posture: 2. Now, code the traits in the table. Use 0 for the most primitive character state, 1 for the next most primitive, and 2 for the most derived (there may be only two character states for some traits, in which case you should just use 0 (primitive) and 1 (derived)). Coded traits: Primate Tooth comb Orbit Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human 1 Tarsier 1 Baboon 1 Chimpanzee 1 Lemur 0 Howler monkey 1 3. Now you have enough information to build the cladogram. Start by placing the primate with the fewest derived character states on end of the first branch of the cladogram, then place the primate with the second fewest derived character states on the next branch, and so on until you reach the most derived primate in this set: Lemur Tooth comb No tooth comb 4. Finally, add the character states to the cladogram. Place the derived states on the cladogram before the group of primates that has that state branches off. All of the most primitive character states should be at the bottom of the tree. The character state of tooth comb (primitive) or no tooth comb (derived) has been done for you.

1. For the traits in the table below, decide which character states are primitive and which are derived. If there are more than two character states for the trait, decide what the order (polarity) is for primitive → derived. When in doubt, look at the state for humans- we are the most derived primate in this set, while the lemur is the least derived. On the lines below the table, write out the order of the character state for each of the traits. Trait "tooth comb" has been done for you. Table of traits: Tooth Orbit Primate comb Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human no wall 2123 yes orthograde biped Tarsier no partial wall 2133 no pronograde quadruped Baboon no wall 2123 no pronograde quadruped Chimpanzee no wall 2123 yes orthograde quadruped Lemur yes bar 2133 no pronograde quadruped Howler monkey no wall 2133 по pronograde quadruped Tooth comb: yes (tooth comb present) → no (no tooth comb present)_ Orbit enclosure: Dental formula: Y-5 molar: Body posture: 2. Now, code the traits in the table. Use 0 for the most primitive character state, 1 for the next most primitive, and 2 for the most derived (there may be only two character states for some traits, in which case you should just use 0 (primitive) and 1 (derived)). Coded traits: Primate Tooth comb Orbit Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human 1 Tarsier 1 Baboon 1 Chimpanzee 1 Lemur 0 Howler monkey 1 3. Now you have enough information to build the cladogram. Start by placing the primate with the fewest derived character states on end of the first branch of the cladogram, then place the primate with the second fewest derived character states on the next branch, and so on until you reach the most derived primate in this set: Lemur Tooth comb No tooth comb 4. Finally, add the character states to the cladogram. Place the derived states on the cladogram before the group of primates that has that state branches off. All of the most primitive character states should be at the bottom of the tree. The character state of tooth comb (primitive) or no tooth comb (derived) has been done for you.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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1. For the traits in the table below, decide which character states are primitive and which are derived. If there are more than two character states for the trait, decide what the order (polarity) is for primitive → derived. When in doubt, look at the state for humans- we are the most derived primate in this set, while the lemur is the least derived. On the lines below the table, write out the order of the character state for each of the traits. Trait "tooth comb" has been done for you. Table of traits: Tooth Orbit Primate comb Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human no wall 2123 yes orthograde biped Tarsier no partial wall 2133 no pronograde quadruped Baboon no wall 2123 no pronograde quadruped Chimpanzee no wall 2123 yes orthograde quadruped Lemur yes bar 2133 no pronograde quadruped Howler monkey no wall 2133 по pronograde quadruped Tooth comb: yes (tooth comb present) → no (no tooth comb present)_ Orbit enclosure: Dental formula: Y-5 molar: Body posture: 2. Now, code the traits in the table. Use 0 for the most primitive character state, 1 for the next most primitive, and 2 for the most derived (there may be only two character states for some traits, in which case you should just use 0 (primitive) and 1 (derived)). Coded traits: Primate Tooth comb Orbit Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human 1 Tarsier 1 Baboon 1 Chimpanzee 1 Lemur 0 Howler monkey 1
Transcribed Image Text:1. For the traits in the table below, decide which character states are primitive and which are derived. If there are more than two character states for the trait, decide what the order (polarity) is for primitive → derived. When in doubt, look at the state for humans- we are the most derived primate in this set, while the lemur is the least derived. On the lines below the table, write out the order of the character state for each of the traits. Trait "tooth comb" has been done for you. Table of traits: Tooth Orbit Primate comb Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human no wall 2123 yes orthograde biped Tarsier no partial wall 2133 no pronograde quadruped Baboon no wall 2123 no pronograde quadruped Chimpanzee no wall 2123 yes orthograde quadruped Lemur yes bar 2133 no pronograde quadruped Howler monkey no wall 2133 по pronograde quadruped Tooth comb: yes (tooth comb present) → no (no tooth comb present)_ Orbit enclosure: Dental formula: Y-5 molar: Body posture: 2. Now, code the traits in the table. Use 0 for the most primitive character state, 1 for the next most primitive, and 2 for the most derived (there may be only two character states for some traits, in which case you should just use 0 (primitive) and 1 (derived)). Coded traits: Primate Tooth comb Orbit Enclosure Dental formula Y-5 molar Body posture Human 1 Tarsier 1 Baboon 1 Chimpanzee 1 Lemur 0 Howler monkey 1
3. Now you have enough information to build the cladogram. Start by placing the primate with the fewest derived character states on end of the first branch of the cladogram, then place the primate with the second fewest derived character states on the next branch, and so on until you reach the most derived primate in this set: Lemur Tooth comb No tooth comb 4. Finally, add the character states to the cladogram. Place the derived states on the cladogram before the group of primates that has that state branches off. All of the most primitive character states should be at the bottom of the tree. The character state of tooth comb (primitive) or no tooth comb (derived) has been done for you.
Transcribed Image Text:3. Now you have enough information to build the cladogram. Start by placing the primate with the fewest derived character states on end of the first branch of the cladogram, then place the primate with the second fewest derived character states on the next branch, and so on until you reach the most derived primate in this set: Lemur Tooth comb No tooth comb 4. Finally, add the character states to the cladogram. Place the derived states on the cladogram before the group of primates that has that state branches off. All of the most primitive character states should be at the bottom of the tree. The character state of tooth comb (primitive) or no tooth comb (derived) has been done for you.
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