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1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female?

1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female? (4) Do the case studies for the sprinter and the swimmer. Should they be eligible to compete? Explain your answer.
Transcribed Image Text:1. Can a test determine an individual's biological sex? And can testosterone produced by an athlete's own body provide an unfair advantage? 2. At the bottom of the section on development is a graph showing testosterone levels for male and female athletes. Most female athletes have less than 5 nm/L of testosterone, but a few have as high as 30 nmol/L which is above the average for male athletes. Which genetic condition(s) can cause XX individuals to have high testosterone levels? (3) The AR gene codes for a transcription factor which is only functional when testosterone is present. Based on what you know about transcription factors and about sex determination explain (A) Why do XY individuals with a mutation in the AR gene develop as females despite having male levels of testosterone? (B) Would you expect such individuals to be more muscular than an average female? (4) Do the case studies for the sprinter and the swimmer. Should they be eligible to compete? Explain your answer.
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