1) Trypanosomes living in the bloodstream obtain all their energy from glycolysis. They take up glucose from the host’s blood and excrete pyruvate as a waste product. In this part of their life cycle, trypanosomes do not carry out any oxidative phosphorylation, but they do use another oxygen-dependent pathway, which is absent in mammals, to oxidize NADH. a. Why is the oxygen-dependent pathway necessary? b. Would this pathway be necessary if the trypanosome excreted lactate rather than pyruvate? c. Why would the oxygen-dependent pathway be a good target for antiparasitic drugs?

Q: 15.13) The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic pathway by which cells generate energy in the form of ATP…

Q: CYP2E1 has a much higher Km for ethanol than ADH (11 mM versus 0.05 mM, respectively). When greater…

A: km that is Michaelis Menten's constant is a substrate concentration of the enzyme catalysed reaction…

Q: then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed?

A: The citric acid cycle or TCA Cycle or Kreb’s cycle is an important bio synthetic pathway in which…

Q: Per NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow…

A: The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers through which the electrons are…

Q: O) n an animal cell, under aerobic conditions., what molecule(s) will pyruvate be converted into…

A: Pyruvate is formed by glycolysis in cytoplasm. The main function of pyruvate is to serve as the…

Q: A) Consider what would happen if you added any of the citric acid cycle intermediiates: would the…

A: There are several catabolic pathways in the citric acid cycle. Most of these reactions add…

Q: Which mechanisms may be used to reverse a high NADH:NAD+ ratio in the cytosol under anaerobic…

A: The process through which an organism receives energy is known as cellular respiration. Cellular…

Q: Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is INCORRECT? O a. The TCA cycle can recover…

A: An inventive set of eight reactions makes up the TCA cycle. It is a crucial route that uses a…

Q: Lactic acid is a biproduct formed at the end of anaerobic respiration. This molecule is dangerous to…

A: Approach to solving the question: I hope this helps! Detailed explanation: Examples: Key references:

Q: Moles produced (Net) moles of CO2 after Krebs cycle moles of GTP after Krebs cycle moles of ATP…

A: Answer:- 4 moles of glucose   produce  16 moles of CO2 after Krebs cycle  5 moles of glucose produce…

Q: What would be the effect on ATP and NADH production (how many ATP and NADH could be produced from…

A: Pyruvate is a molecule that is produced during glycolysis, the initial stage of cellular…

Q: b) Place a 'Yes' or a 'No' in the appropriate boxes that correspond to each listed feature of…

A: Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells obtain energy from the breakdown of…

Q: 2a) Which of the following statements about pyruvate oxidation IS TRUE?  a. NADH is oxidized in the…

A: The answer to the above questions are given below -

Q: Transamination pair (1)

A: TRANSAMINATON PAIR 1 Glutamate/ alpha keto gluterate Tramsamination pair 2 Aspartate/ oxaloacete…

Q: ATP levels are high in the liver, NADPH levels are low, but fat biosynthesis needs to happen. What…

A: The pentose phosphate pathway is also known as the hexose-mono-phosphate shunt pathway. It occurs in…

Q: Aerobic respiration, used by the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, is best represented by which of…

A: Eukaryotes are the organisms in which nucleus id developed and is surrounded by a membrane. In these…

Q: All the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (E°' for NAD+/NADH is -0.32…

A: NADH/FADH2 are also known as reducing equivalents. These reducing equivalents are produced in the…

Q: What is the purpose of carnitine acyltransferase II? O formation of a fatty acyl-CoA molecule in the…

A: Transferases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional group, such as a…

Q: 11) To which molecule is Glucose broken down in the process of glycolysis? What happens with…

A: Cellular respiration is the process of breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water for the…

Q: What is the major route for protons moving from the inter membrane space back into the mitochondrial…

A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells that play a crucial role in…

Q: of

A:

Q: Assuming that all the carbon skeleton of alanine is completely oxidized and released as CO2. How…

A: Alanine is an amino acid that takes part in protein synthesis. Alanine is a hydrophobic amino acid…

Q: Remember that hexose kinase is an enzyme required for hexose metabolism, a process that takes a…

A: Hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms. The chemical formula for all hexoses is C6H12O6,…

Q: In order to metabolize lactose, most infants express the enzyme lactase in their intestines.   How…

A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway that occurs in most organisms and is the primary pathway for the…

Q: Which step(s) of cellular respiration would be directly inhibited by high concentrations of NADH?…

A: Cellular respiration involves breakdown of complex molecule such as carbohydrate (glucose) and…

Q: How is the malate shuttle used in the liver to increase the number of ATP generated from glycolysis?…

A: Malate aspartate shuttle is used to transfer reducing products with in the mitochondria and…

Nitrogen metabolism

Nitrogen metabolism is the synthesis, utilization or uptake, breakdown, and excretion of nitrogenous compounds in the body. The nitrogen metabolism encompasses nitrogen fixation, biosynthesis, and the breakdown of amino acids, purines, and pyrimidine. Since nitrogen-containing compounds are required for various life processes, nitrogen is an important element of life.