1 patients tested negative by SRA, 22 also tested negative by heparin-PF4 ELISA. (a) Calculate the specificity of the heparin-PF4 ELISA testing for HIT. (b) Using a “literature derived sensitivity” of 95 percent and a prior probability of HIT o

1 patients tested negative by SRA, 22 also tested negative by heparin-PF4 ELISA. (a) Calculate the specificity of the heparin-PF4 ELISA testing for HIT. (b) Using a “literature derived sensitivity” of 95 percent and a prior probability of HIT o

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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A group of psychologists recently examined the how odor influences emotion between male and female. Three groups of participants (half male, half female) were first subjected to different types of smell (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant), and then filled out questionnaire of happiness. The data present the pattern of results obtained in the study, higher score indicating a higher level of happiness. Conduct a hypothesis testing with α = .05 to evaluate the main effects and interactions (follow the four-step procedure).(15 points, be careful with the computation) Calculate the effect size (partial η2) for the main effects and the interaction. (2 points) Report your results in APA style (2 points) Odor pleasant neutral unpleasant Male n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 M = 5 M =10 M =15 SS = 10 SS = 10 SS = 10 Female n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 M =10 M =15 M =20 SS = 10 SS = 10 SS =10
A large randomized trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of Chantix for smoking cessation compared with bupropion (more commonly known as Wellbutrin or Zyban) and a placebo. Chantix is different from most other quit‑smoking products in that it targets nicotine receptors in the brain, attaches to them, and blocks nicotine from reaching them, while bupropion is an antidepressant often used to help people stop smoking. Generally healthy smokers who smoked at least 1010 cigarettes per day were assigned at random to take Chantix ( ?=352n=352 ), bupropion ( ?=329n=329 ), or a placebo ( ?=344n=344 ). The response measure is continuous cessation from smoking for Weeks 99 through 1212 of the study. A two‑way table of the results is given. Treatment Chantix Bupropion Placebo No smoke in weeks 9-12 155 97 61 Smokes in weeks 9-12 197 232…
Noting the paucity of information on the effect of estrogen on platelet membrane fatty acid composition, Ranganath et al. (A-48) conducted a study to examine the possibility that changes may be present in postmenopausal women and that these may be reversible with estrogen treatment. The 31 women recruited for the study had not menstruated for at least 3 months or had symptoms of the menopause. No woman was on any form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time she was recruited. Table 5 shows the platelet membrane linoleic acid values before and after a period of HRT. Does the data follow normal distribution?
da Silva-Castiglioni et al. (2010) investigated the effect of various diets on the biochemical composition of Hyalella bonariensis. In one part of the analysis, males of the species were subjected to 5 different diets for 45 days, then researchers measured the levels of lipoperoxidation. The researchers carried out a one-way ANOVA, and found a p-value of 0.00022. After that, they decided to apply the Tukey procedure to find confidence intervals for the pairwise differences in means at a family-wise confidence level of 95%. The results of the Tukey procedure are given below. ("lower" is the lower bound of the interval, "upper" is the upper bound.) How many of these pairwise differences are statistically significant? (No calculations required!) lower upper Diet2-Diet1 -6.6421116 0.7321116 Diet3-Dietl -9.4811116 -2.1068884 Diet4-Diet1 -8.1651116 -0.7908884 Diet5-Diet1 -3.5881116 3.7861116 Diet3-Diet2 -6.5261116 0.8481116 Diet4-Diet2 -5.2101116 2.1641116 Diet5-Diet2 -0.6331116 6.7411116…
A large randomized trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of Chantix for smoking cessation compared with bupropion (more commonly known as Wellbutrin or Zyban) and a placebo. Chantix is different from most other quit-smoking products in that it targets nicotine receptors in the brain, attaches to them, and blocks nicotine from reaching them, while bupropion is an antidepressant often used to help people stop smoking. Generally healthy smokers who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day were assigned at random to take Chantix (n = 352), bupropion (n 329), or a placebo (n = 344). The response %3| measure is continuous cessation from smoking for Weeks 9 through 12 of the study. A two-way table of the results is given. Treatment Chantix Bupropion Placebo No smoking in Weeks 9-12 155 97 61 Expand Smoked in Weeks 9-12 197 232 283 To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format: Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSV CrunchIt! STATE: How does…
The results of a multicenter clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of the pancreatic lipase inhibitor, Xenical, was reported (Ingersoll, 1997). Xenical is used to block the absorption of dietary fat. The article reported that more than 4000 patients in the U.S. and Europe were randomized to receive Xenical or a placebo in a parallel groups study. After one year, 57% of those receiving Xenical had lost at least 5% of their body weight, as opposed to 31% of those receiving a placebo. Assume that exactly 4000 patients were in the study, and that 2000 were randomized to receive a placebo and 2000 received Xenical. Please Compute a 95% confidence interval for the “relative risk” of losing at least 5% of body weight for those receiving Xenical relative to those receiving placebo. Can the drug be considered effective?
A new beta-blocker medication is being tested to treat high blood pressure. Subjects with high blood pressure volunteered to take part in the experiment. 160 subjects were randomly assigned to receive a placebo and 240 received the medicine. High blood pressure disappeared in 80 of the controls and in 122 of the treatment group. Test the claim that the new beta-blocker medicine is effective at a significance level of αα = 0.05.What are the correct hypotheses?H0H0: Select an answer x̅₂ σ₁ x̅₁ p μ₁ p₂ p₁ μ₂ ? ≤ ≠ < ≥ = > Select an answer μ₁ μ₂ p₁ x̅₂ 0 σ₂ p₂ x̅₁ p HaHa: Select an answer σ₁ p₂ x̅₂ p₁ x̅₁ μ₂ p μ₁ ? ≠ = < ≥ > ≤ Select an answer p₂ μ₁ p 0 μ₂ x̅₂ x̅₁ σ₁ p₁ Based on the hypotheses, find the following:Test Statistic = (Round your answer to four decimal places.)p-value = (Round your answer to four decimal places.)The test statistic is: Select an answer not in the critical region in the critical region .The correct decision is to Select an answer reject the…
7/8) individuals tend to vary in their taste sensitivity. Is it possible that this trait may be linked to a person’s genetics? A scientist identified the genotype of 30 individuals for a gene she believes to be responsible for taste sensitivity. She compares taste sensitivity across the homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive individuals. Q) What is the explanatory variable here? Q) What kind of variable is the subject’s genotype?
Curremt ALLempt in PTogress Dark Chocolate for Good Health A study examines chocolate's effects on blood vessel function in healthy people. In the randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study, 11 people received 46 grams (1.6 ounces) of dark chocolate (which is naturally flavonoid-rich) every day for two weeks, while a control group of 10 people received a placebo consisting of dark chocolate with low flavonoid content. Participants had their vascular health measured (by means of flow-mediated dilation) before and after the two-week study. The increase over the two-week period was measured, with larger numbers indicating greater vascular health. For the group getting the good dark chocolate, the mean increase was 1.3 with a standard deviation of 2.32, while the control group had a mean change of -0.96 with a standard deviation of 1.58. 'Engler, M., et. al, "Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy…
An aerosolized vaccine for measles was developed in Mexico and has been used on more than 44 million children since 1980. Aerosolized vaccines have the advantages of being able to be administered by people without clinical training and do not cause injection‑associated infections. Despite these advantages, data about efficacy of the aerosolized vaccines against measles compared to subcutaneous injection of the vaccine have been inconsistent. Because of this, a large randomized controlled study was conducted with children in India. The primary outcome was an immune response to measles measured 91 days after the treatments. Among the 785 children receiving the subcutaneous injection, 743 developed an immune response, while among the 775 children receiving the aerosolized vaccine, 662 developed an immune response. Nicola Low et al., "A randomized, controlled trial of an aerosolized vaccine against measles," New England Journal of Medicine, 372 (2015), pp. 1519–1529. Compute the…