1 patients tested negative by SRA, 22 also tested negative by heparin-PF4 ELISA. (a) Calculate the specificity of the heparin-PF4 ELISA testing for HIT. (b) Using a “literature derived sensitivity” of 95 percent and a prior probability of HIT o

1 patients tested negative by SRA, 22 also tested negative by heparin-PF4 ELISA. (a) Calculate the specificity of the heparin-PF4 ELISA testing for HIT. (b) Using a “literature derived sensitivity” of 95 percent and a prior probability of HIT o

A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)

10th Edition

ISBN:9780134753119

Author:Sheldon Ross

Publisher:Sheldon Ross

Chapter1: Combinatorial Analysis

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P: a. How many different 7-place license plates are possible if the first 2 places are for letters and...

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Until 2002, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), estrogen and/or progesterone, was commonly prescribed to post-menopausal women. This changed in 2002, when the results of a large clinical trial were published 7500 women were randomized to take HRT, 7100 were randomized to placebo. 170 HRT and 130 placebo women developed invasive breast cancer. Does HRT increase risk of breast cancer? Conduct hypothesis test. Hint: Use randomization distribution to answer the question.
A group of 30 postmenopausal women were given oral conjugated estrogen for one month.Plasma levels of plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) went down for 22 of the women, but went up for 8 women.15 Use a sign test to test the null hypothesis that oral conjugated estrogen has no effect on PAI-1 level.Use α=0.10 and use a nondirectional alternative.
Conduct a two-factor ANOVA to examine the effects of 'maternal diet' (‘diet’: No alcohol, vs. alcohol) and age (adolescent rat vs. adult rat) on passive avoidance (‘pa’). State the three alternative hypotheses in words. State the alternative hypothesis of the interaction in terms of whether the effects of maternal diet (alcohol vs. not alcohol) on passive avoidance depend on the levels of age (i.e., on whether the rat is an adolescent or an adult rat).
A group of psychologists recently examined the how odor influences emotion between male and female. Three groups of participants (half male, half female) were first subjected to different types of smell (pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant), and then filled out questionnaire of happiness. The data present the pattern of results obtained in the study, higher score indicating a higher level of happiness. Conduct a hypothesis testing with α = .05 to evaluate the main effects and interactions (follow the four-step procedure).(15 points, be careful with the computation) Calculate the effect size (partial η2) for the main effects and the interaction. (2 points) Report your results in APA style (2 points) Odor pleasant neutral unpleasant Male n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 M = 5 M =10 M =15 SS = 10 SS = 10 SS = 10 Female n = 5 n = 5 n = 5 M =10 M =15 M =20 SS = 10 SS = 10 SS =10
A large randomized trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of Chantix for smoking cessation compared with bupropion (more commonly known as Wellbutrin or Zyban) and a placebo. Chantix is different from most other quit‑smoking products in that it targets nicotine receptors in the brain, attaches to them, and blocks nicotine from reaching them, while bupropion is an antidepressant often used to help people stop smoking. Generally healthy smokers who smoked at least 1010 cigarettes per day were assigned at random to take Chantix ( ?=352n=352 ), bupropion ( ?=329n=329 ), or a placebo ( ?=344n=344 ). The response measure is continuous cessation from smoking for Weeks 99 through 1212 of the study. A two‑way table of the results is given. Treatment Chantix Bupropion Placebo No smoke in weeks 9-12 155 97 61 Smokes in weeks 9-12 197 232…
Noting the paucity of information on the effect of estrogen on platelet membrane fatty acid composition, Ranganath et al. (A-48) conducted a study to examine the possibility that changes may be present in postmenopausal women and that these may be reversible with estrogen treatment. The 31 women recruited for the study had not menstruated for at least 3 months or had symptoms of the menopause. No woman was on any form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time she was recruited. Table 5 shows the platelet membrane linoleic acid values before and after a period of HRT. Does the data follow normal distribution?
A large randomized trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of Chantix for smoking cessation compared with bupropion (more commonly known as Wellbutrin or Zyban) and a placebo. Chantix is different from most other quit-smoking products in that it targets nicotine receptors in the brain, attaches to them, and blocks nicotine from reaching them, while bupropion is an antidepressant often used to help people stop smoking. Generally healthy smokers who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day were assigned at random to take Chantix (n = 352), bupropion (n 329), or a placebo (n = 344). The response %3| measure is continuous cessation from smoking for Weeks 9 through 12 of the study. A two-way table of the results is given. Treatment Chantix Bupropion Placebo No smoking in Weeks 9-12 155 97 61 Expand Smoked in Weeks 9-12 197 232 283 To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format: Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSV CrunchIt! STATE: How does…
Prior to an intensive TV advertising campaign, the producers of Nike athletic shoes find that 29 of a random sample of 200 upper-income adults are aware of their new leisure shoe line. A second random sample of 300 such adults is taken after the campaign. Now 96 of the persons sampled can identify the new line. Is the increase in the proportion of upper income adults showing brand awareness significant? Test the claim using alpha = .05.
A clinical trial is conducted to compare an experimental medication to placebo to reduce the symptoms of asthma. One hundred participants are enrolled in the study and randomized to receive either the experimental medication or placebo. The primary outcome is self-reported reduction of symptoms. Among 50 participants who receive the experimental medication, 36 report a reduction of symptoms as compared to 17 participants of 50 assigned to the placebo. Generate a 95% CI for the difference in proportions of participants reporting a reduction of symptoms between the experimental and placebo groups.
7/8) individuals tend to vary in their taste sensitivity. Is it possible that this trait may be linked to a person’s genetics? A scientist identified the genotype of 30 individuals for a gene she believes to be responsible for taste sensitivity. She compares taste sensitivity across the homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive individuals. Q) What is the explanatory variable here? Q) What kind of variable is the subject’s genotype?
Curremt ALLempt in PTogress Dark Chocolate for Good Health A study examines chocolate's effects on blood vessel function in healthy people. In the randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study, 11 people received 46 grams (1.6 ounces) of dark chocolate (which is naturally flavonoid-rich) every day for two weeks, while a control group of 10 people received a placebo consisting of dark chocolate with low flavonoid content. Participants had their vascular health measured (by means of flow-mediated dilation) before and after the two-week study. The increase over the two-week period was measured, with larger numbers indicating greater vascular health. For the group getting the good dark chocolate, the mean increase was 1.3 with a standard deviation of 2.32, while the control group had a mean change of -0.96 with a standard deviation of 1.58. 'Engler, M., et. al, "Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and increases plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy…
Trans-Generational Effects of Diet Can experiences of parents affect future children? New studies16 suggest that they can: Early life experiences of parents appear to cause permanent changes in sperm and eggs. In one study, some male rats were fed a high-fat diet with 43% of calories from fat (a typical American diet), while others were fed a normal healthy rat diet. Not surprisingly, the rats fed the high-fat diet were far more likely than the normal-diet rats to develop metabolic syndrome (characterized by such things as excess weight, excess fat, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance.) What surprised the scientists was that the daughters of these rats were also far more likely to develop metabolic syndrome than the daughters of rats fed healthy diets. None of the daughters and none of the mothers ate a high-fat diet and the fathers did not have any contact with the daughters. The high-fat diet of the fathers appeared to cause negative effects for their daughters. What are the…