A study was recently published in Western Australia on the relationship between method of conception and prevalence of major birth defects (Hansen et al. [7]). The prevalence of at least one major birth defect among infants conceived naturally was 4.2%, based on a large sample of infants. Among 837 infants born as a result of in-vitro fertilization (IVF), 75 had at least one major birth defect. (1) Do an unusual number of infants have at least one birth defect in the IVF group? Why or why not? (Hint: Use an approximation to the binomial distribution.)
Compound Probability
Compound probability can be defined as the probability of the two events which are independent. It can be defined as the multiplication of the probability of two events that are not dependent.
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Probability theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the subject of probability. Although there are many different concepts of probability, probability theory expresses the definition mathematically through a series of axioms. Usually, these axioms express probability in terms of a probability space, which assigns a measure with values ranging from 0 to 1 to a set of outcomes known as the sample space. An event is a subset of these outcomes that is described.
Conditional Probability
By definition, the term probability is expressed as a part of mathematics where the chance of an event that may either occur or not is evaluated and expressed in numerical terms. The range of the value within which probability can be expressed is between 0 and 1. The higher the chance of an event occurring, the closer is its value to be 1. If the probability of an event is 1, it means that the event will happen under all considered circumstances. Similarly, if the probability is exactly 0, then no matter the situation, the event will never occur.
A study was recently published in Western Australia on the
relationship between method of conception and prevalence
of major birth defects (Hansen et al. [7]).
The prevalence of at least one major birth defect among infants conceived naturally was 4.2%, based on a large sample of infants. Among 837 infants born as a result of in-vitro
fertilization (IVF), 75 had at least one major birth defect.
(1) Do an unusual number of infants have at least one
birth defect in the IVF group? Why or why not? (Hint: Use
an approximation to the binomial distribution.)
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