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1 5'- TATATACTGT ATGGTGGGTT GATCTATGTA TCAACAGTAC GGCTCGCAGG TACCCGATGA GATGGGAAGG TGGGTTGACA GCTAGCAGTA GCGACAGTTT AGATTAGTCG TACGCGATAT TTACGGCCCA TGAGTGAAAA AAGGTGCTCG CGATTCCGTC GAGTTCCAAGC TTTAGCTAGTT TTAGCGGGAG GTACCCGATT AGCTATGGCT GATCGATCGC TAGCATCGAT TGGACTAGGA TTGTGGCTTA-3' 5. Beginning with the start codon, what are the first 20 nucleotides of your mRNA sequence' 6. What is the sequence of protein you have translated (specify the amino and carboxyl termini)

1 5'- TATATACTGT ATGGTGGGTT GATCTATGTA TCAACAGTAC GGCTCGCAGG TACCCGATGA GATGGGAAGG TGGGTTGACA GCTAGCAGTA GCGACAGTTT AGATTAGTCG TACGCGATAT TTACGGCCCA TGAGTGAAAA AAGGTGCTCG CGATTCCGTC GAGTTCCAAGC TTTAGCTAGTT TTAGCGGGAG GTACCCGATT AGCTATGGCT GATCGATCGC TAGCATCGAT TGGACTAGGA TTGTGGCTTA-3' 5. Beginning with the start codon, what are the first 20 nucleotides of your mRNA sequence' 6. What is the sequence of protein you have translated (specify the amino and carboxyl termini)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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Part II: Information Transfer Background Information - Key Points The background information provided for this lab has given you a general overview of some of 24 the key terms and definitions necessary to understand the transfer of information from gene to protein. The information included below will help you work through the specific problems included in your Tutorial 4 Assignment. When working on the problems remember the base mu to pairing rules (Table 3). Table 3: Rules for nucleotide base pairing. cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- thymine (T) DNA RNA For Transcription: ● ● ● ● cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- uracil (U) Initiation is determined by the recognition of the promoter sequence in the DNA by the RNA polymerase. Stef The transcription start site is downstream of the promoter and is designated as the +1 site. Aspartic acid Alanina Valine Arginine Serine Lysine Asparagine Glutamic TEOPO|0C|AGUCAG|UC|AG/DCAG/3G/ CAGUC UGU A C A Threonine G Methionine Isoleucine Serine Arginine Glutamine U UG ACU GACU GAC OTOCk Tyrosine Histidine Stop Cysteine Stop Tryptophan 1040 Leucine Proline Figure 1: Wheel depicting codons of mRNA that specify a given amino acid. Refer to Figure 14 in the Lab 4 background information if you prefer this information displayed as a chart. The transcript always begins at the +1 base (there is no 'zero' base; the sequence is ... -2, -1, +1, +2 ...etc. The mRNA of eukaryotic organisms is modified by the addition of a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail, the removal of introns and the joining of exons. For Translation: The start site is the first AUG codon downstream from where the ribosome binds. Nucleotides are read as single units (bases) until the first AUG (start) is encountered. Thereafter, nucleotides are read in groups of three (codons) until the first stop codon is encountered. Codons are translated into amino acids (typically including the START codon before post-translational modifications) as specified in the genetic code (Figure 1). • Polypeptides are synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxyl terminus by the addition of new amino acids to the carboxyl terminus. I I I I I I I 1 I I
Transcribed Image Text:Part II: Information Transfer Background Information - Key Points The background information provided for this lab has given you a general overview of some of 24 the key terms and definitions necessary to understand the transfer of information from gene to protein. The information included below will help you work through the specific problems included in your Tutorial 4 Assignment. When working on the problems remember the base mu to pairing rules (Table 3). Table 3: Rules for nucleotide base pairing. cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- thymine (T) DNA RNA For Transcription: ● ● ● ● cytosine (C) - guanine (G) adenine (A)- uracil (U) Initiation is determined by the recognition of the promoter sequence in the DNA by the RNA polymerase. Stef The transcription start site is downstream of the promoter and is designated as the +1 site. Aspartic acid Alanina Valine Arginine Serine Lysine Asparagine Glutamic TEOPO|0C|AGUCAG|UC|AG/DCAG/3G/ CAGUC UGU A C A Threonine G Methionine Isoleucine Serine Arginine Glutamine U UG ACU GACU GAC OTOCk Tyrosine Histidine Stop Cysteine Stop Tryptophan 1040 Leucine Proline Figure 1: Wheel depicting codons of mRNA that specify a given amino acid. Refer to Figure 14 in the Lab 4 background information if you prefer this information displayed as a chart. The transcript always begins at the +1 base (there is no 'zero' base; the sequence is ... -2, -1, +1, +2 ...etc. The mRNA of eukaryotic organisms is modified by the addition of a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail, the removal of introns and the joining of exons. For Translation: The start site is the first AUG codon downstream from where the ribosome binds. Nucleotides are read as single units (bases) until the first AUG (start) is encountered. Thereafter, nucleotides are read in groups of three (codons) until the first stop codon is encountered. Codons are translated into amino acids (typically including the START codon before post-translational modifications) as specified in the genetic code (Figure 1). • Polypeptides are synthesized from the amino terminus to the carboxyl terminus by the addition of new amino acids to the carboxyl terminus. I I I I I I I 1 I I
I I I I I I 1 I 1 Below is a sequence of eukaryotic DNA containing a hypothetical gene. The base that is first (at the 5' end) in the sequence is at position -15. Remember that DNA sequences do NOT have a position 0. The translational start site is the first initiating codon (start codon) encountered after the transcriptional start. This gene has three exons. The last base of the first exon is the G at position + 31, the first base of the second exon is the Tat position +60; the last base of the second exon is the T at position +83; the first base of the third exon is the A at position +108; the last base of the third exon is for you to determine. 5'- TATATACTGT ATGGTGGGTT GATCTATGTA TCAACAGTAC GGCTCGCAGG TACCCGATGA GATGGGAAGG TGGGTTGACA GCTAGCAGTA GCGACAGTTT AGATTAGTCG TACGCGATAT TTACGGCCCA TGAGTGAAAA AAGGTGCTCG CGATTCCGTC GAGTTCCAAGC TTTAGCTAGTT TTAGCGGGAG GTACCCGATT AGCTATGGCT GATCGATCGC TAGCATCGAT TGGACTAGGA TTGTGGCTTA -3' 5. Beginning with the start codon, what are the first 20 nucleotides of your mRNA sequence' 6. What is the sequence of protein you have translated (specify the amino and carboxyl termini) thymine 7. A mutation occurs in the original DNA strand for protein X such that the +61 is deleted. What is the effect of this mutation position cytosine 8. A mutation occurs in the original DNA for protein X strand such that the What is the effect of this mutation position +48 is changed to a nucleotide at thymine nucleotide in I
Transcribed Image Text:I I I I I I 1 I 1 Below is a sequence of eukaryotic DNA containing a hypothetical gene. The base that is first (at the 5' end) in the sequence is at position -15. Remember that DNA sequences do NOT have a position 0. The translational start site is the first initiating codon (start codon) encountered after the transcriptional start. This gene has three exons. The last base of the first exon is the G at position + 31, the first base of the second exon is the Tat position +60; the last base of the second exon is the T at position +83; the first base of the third exon is the A at position +108; the last base of the third exon is for you to determine. 5'- TATATACTGT ATGGTGGGTT GATCTATGTA TCAACAGTAC GGCTCGCAGG TACCCGATGA GATGGGAAGG TGGGTTGACA GCTAGCAGTA GCGACAGTTT AGATTAGTCG TACGCGATAT TTACGGCCCA TGAGTGAAAA AAGGTGCTCG CGATTCCGTC GAGTTCCAAGC TTTAGCTAGTT TTAGCGGGAG GTACCCGATT AGCTATGGCT GATCGATCGC TAGCATCGAT TGGACTAGGA TTGTGGCTTA -3' 5. Beginning with the start codon, what are the first 20 nucleotides of your mRNA sequence' 6. What is the sequence of protein you have translated (specify the amino and carboxyl termini) thymine 7. A mutation occurs in the original DNA strand for protein X such that the +61 is deleted. What is the effect of this mutation position cytosine 8. A mutation occurs in the original DNA for protein X strand such that the What is the effect of this mutation position +48 is changed to a nucleotide at thymine nucleotide in I
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