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Part 1 Which of the following Hardy-Weinberg violations that can change allele frequencies over time is the most likely explanation for these findings? O Negative selection against the A allele caused it to be lost in the population of human SARS-CoV-2 viruses Genetic drift: the G allele arose and became fixed as SARS-CoV2 moved from bats to humans due to random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a small population of viruses A selective sweep (strong positive selection) caused fixation of the G allele in the transition of SARS-CoV-2

Part 1 Which of the following Hardy-Weinberg violations that can change allele frequencies over time is the most likely explanation for these findings? O Negative selection against the A allele caused it to be lost in the population of human SARS-CoV-2 viruses Genetic drift: the G allele arose and became fixed as SARS-CoV2 moved from bats to humans due to random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a small population of viruses A selective sweep (strong positive selection) caused fixation of the G allele in the transition of SARS-CoV-2

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NC_045512.2 226661 Spike 1104 | 226761 1114 | 226861 1124 | Asn Ala SARS-CoV-2 GTC CTA TAT AAT TCC GCA TCA TTT TCC ACT Bat-RaTG13 GTC CTA TAT AAT TCC ACT TCA TTT TCT ACC PCOV_GX-P5L GTA CTT TAT AAC TCT ACA TCA TTT TCC ACT Bat-SARS-Rs4231 GTA CTC TAC AAC TCA ACA TCT TTT TCA ACT Bat-BtRs GTA CTC TAC AAC TCA ACA TCT TTT TCA ACT Thr A study published in Cell in 2021 presented a comparative analysis of the genomic sequences of thousands of SARS- CoV-2 viruses isolated from humans (i.e. strains causing COVID), bats and pangolins. This study asked what sequence changes occurred when this virus moved from bats to humans that might help explain its success as a human pathogen. The sequence diagram shown above presents a key finding of the study: an A in the spike protein gene coding region found in bat and pangolin viruses changed to a G in human SARS-CoV-2 isolates (only shown here once, but found in all viruses from human COVID patients that were sequenced). This mutation changes a Thr codon to an Ala codon. In vitro, spike protein with an Ala at this position binds more tightly to the ACE2 virus receptor on human cells, and infects cultured human lung cells more efficiently, than proteins with Thr at this position. Part 1 Which of the following Hardy-Weinberg violations that can change allele frequencies over time is the most likely explanation for these findings? Negative selection against the A allele caused it to be lost in the population of human SARS-CoV-2 viruses Genetic drift: the G allele arose and became fixed as SARS-CoV2 moved from bats to humans due to random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a small population of viruses A selective sweep (strong positive selection) caused fixation of the G allele in the transition of SARS-CoV-2
Transcribed Image Text:NC_045512.2 226661 Spike 1104 | 226761 1114 | 226861 1124 | Asn Ala SARS-CoV-2 GTC CTA TAT AAT TCC GCA TCA TTT TCC ACT Bat-RaTG13 GTC CTA TAT AAT TCC ACT TCA TTT TCT ACC PCOV_GX-P5L GTA CTT TAT AAC TCT ACA TCA TTT TCC ACT Bat-SARS-Rs4231 GTA CTC TAC AAC TCA ACA TCT TTT TCA ACT Bat-BtRs GTA CTC TAC AAC TCA ACA TCT TTT TCA ACT Thr A study published in Cell in 2021 presented a comparative analysis of the genomic sequences of thousands of SARS- CoV-2 viruses isolated from humans (i.e. strains causing COVID), bats and pangolins. This study asked what sequence changes occurred when this virus moved from bats to humans that might help explain its success as a human pathogen. The sequence diagram shown above presents a key finding of the study: an A in the spike protein gene coding region found in bat and pangolin viruses changed to a G in human SARS-CoV-2 isolates (only shown here once, but found in all viruses from human COVID patients that were sequenced). This mutation changes a Thr codon to an Ala codon. In vitro, spike protein with an Ala at this position binds more tightly to the ACE2 virus receptor on human cells, and infects cultured human lung cells more efficiently, than proteins with Thr at this position. Part 1 Which of the following Hardy-Weinberg violations that can change allele frequencies over time is the most likely explanation for these findings? Negative selection against the A allele caused it to be lost in the population of human SARS-CoV-2 viruses Genetic drift: the G allele arose and became fixed as SARS-CoV2 moved from bats to humans due to random fluctuation in allele frequencies in a small population of viruses A selective sweep (strong positive selection) caused fixation of the G allele in the transition of SARS-CoV-2
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