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Conceptos básicos de estadísticas
Christine Belén Vidro
NUC University División en Línea
STAT 2000-3140ONL - Introduction to Statistics I
Profa. Rosita Robles Vázquez
4/14/24
Resuelve los ejercicios a continuación según las instrucciones provistas para cada uno.
Instrucciones:
Ejercicio 1
Definimos población
como el conjunto de todos los elementos de interés de un estudio en particular. La muestra
la definimos como un subconjunto de la población. Basándote en los conceptos de población
y muestra,
y en lo estudiado en las lecturas asignadas, identifica la población
y la muestra
en cada ejercicio: (4 puntos)
a.
En una encuesta de 1050 adolescentes seleccionados al azar, el 25 % respondió “sí” cuando se le preguntó “¿le gusta leer?”
Población: Todos los adolescentes.
Muestra: Los 1050 adolescentes seleccionados al azar para la encuesta.
b.
Un investigador selecciona al azar a 8 de los 30 integrantes de la junta directiva de una empresa y, luego, calcula la cantidad de tiempo que han prestado servicio. Población: Los 30 integrantes de la junta directiva de la empresa.
Muestra: Los 8 integrantes de la junta directiva seleccionados al azar.
Ejercicio 2
Determina si el valor dado es un estadístico o un parámetro. (6 puntos)
a.
El Senado actual de Puerto Rico consta de 14 hombres y 13 mujeres. Parámetro
b.
Se toma una muestra de estudiantes y el promedio del tiempo que esperaron en una fila para comprar boletos para un concierto fue de 1.5 horas. Estadístico
c.
En un estudio de 2,500 participantes, 1,300 son universitarios. Estadístico Ejercicio 3
Identifica en cada caso si se describe una variable cualitativa, cuantitativa continua o cuantitativa
discreta. (5 puntos)
a.
Estatura de los estudiantes del primer grado de una escuela. Cuantitativa continua b.
Número de estudiantes en una universidad del país.
Cuantitativa discreta
c.
Color de los ojos de las candidatas a Miss Universo. Cualitativa
d.
Peso de los bebés que nacen en el hospital de la ciudad. Cuantitativa continua
e.
Cantidad de autos que hay en un garaje del pueblo.
Cuantitativa discreta
Ejercicio 4
Determina cuál de los cuatro niveles de medición (nominal, ordinal, de intervalo, de razón) es el más apropiado. (10 puntos)
a.
Las calificaciones de fantástico, bueno, promedio, pobre o inaceptable en una encuesta de
servicio al cliente. Ordinal
b.
Las temperaturas actuales en los pueblos de Puerto Rico.
De intervalo
c.
Los números de las camisetas de las mujeres que juegan en la liga de Baloncesto Superior
de Puerto Rico.
Nominal
d.
Los precios de los libros de texto universitarios. De razón
e.
Los códigos postales de los pueblos de Puerto Rico. Nominal
Ejercicio 5
En cada uno de los siguientes, identifica el tipo de muestreo
al que se refiere la premisa: aleatorio, sistemático, por conveniencia, estratificado o por conglomerado: (10 puntos)
a.
Se quiere realizar una investigación con los estudiantes de Enfermería. Se obtiene un listado en la Oficina de Registraduría de los estudiantes de Enfermería y se dividen según
los créditos que tienen aprobados: 3-9, 10-16, 17-23, 24-30, 31-37, 38 o más. Estratificado
b.
En un grupo de individuos numerados, se escoge un número al azar y supongamos que sea el número 5. Entonces, a partir de este individuo de la población se definirá la muestra de la siguiente manera: A partir del individuo número 5, se irá completando la muestra seleccionando individuos en intervalos de 10, es decir: 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, hasta el 995. Sistemático
c.
En una encuesta de servicio al cliente de 1,200 adultos, las personas fueron seleccionadas
mediante el uso de una computadora para generar aleatoriamente los números de teléfonos a los que se llamó. Aleatorio
d.
Se realiza una entrevista a los que votaron en las pasadas elecciones del área este del país.
Estratificado
e.
Una farmacéutica desea hacer un estudio para probar la eficacia de una nueva medicina para el control del azúcar. Realiza el estudio con sus empleados porque de esa manera el estudio resulta más económico para la farmacéutica. Por conveniencia
Ejercicio 6
De acuerdo con la situación presentada, contesta las preguntas provistas. (10 puntos)
Un investigador realizó una encuesta entre 500 adultos en San Juan, Puerto Rico, que salían de un restaurante que les quedaba cerca de su trabajo. Un 55 % indicó que les gustaba tomar café luego de cenar. a.
Identifica la muestra y la población.
Población: Todos los adultos en San Juan, Puerto Rico, que salen de un restaurante que les queda cerca de su trabajo.
Muestra: Los 500 adultos seleccionados para la encuesta.
b.
¿El valor 55 % es un dato estadístico o un parámetro?
El valor del 55% es un dato estadístico porque se basa en una muestra de la población, no
en la totalidad de la población.
c.
¿Cuál es el nivel de medición del valor 55 %? (nominal, ordinal, de intervalo o de razón).
El valor del 55% es un nivel de medición de razón porque existe unos cero absolutos (0%
significa que a nadie le gusta tomar café después de cenar) y las diferencias son significativas.
d.
La cantidad de personas en esta encuesta, ¿es una variable continua o discreta?
La cantidad de personas en esta encuesta es una variable discreta porque el número de personas se puede contar y no puede ser un número fraccionario.
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e.
¿Qué tipo de muestreo utilizó el investigador?
El investigador utilizó un muestreo por conveniencia
. Se seleccionó a los individuos más fácilmente disponibles o convenientes, en este caso, los adultos que salían de un restaurante cerca de su trabajo.
Referencias
Triola, M. F., & Murrieta Murrieta, J. E. (2018). Estadística (J. E. Murrieta Murrieta. Trad.; 12.a ed.).
Rosita Robles Vazquez
https://recordings.rna1.blindsidenetworks.com/nuc/
c33b4eb9530f01b217051285ff59a8a87392dfe8-1709762299093/capture/
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Feb. 26
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68
Mar. 8
23
541
Mar. 19
34
14,896
Mar. 30
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171,655
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56
517,100
Apr. 21
67
835,559
May 2
78
1,170,301
May 13
89
1,443,627
May 24
100
1,704,112
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111
1,942,737
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2,187,774
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2,556,718
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3,109,759
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Courtesy of worldometers.info
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Feb. 15
Feb. 26
Day (
Number of Corona Cases (C)
1
15
12
68
Mar. 8
23
541
Mar. 19
34
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171,655
517,100
835,559
1,170,301
1,443,627
1,704,112
1,942,737
2,187,774
2,556,718
3,109,759
3,849,089
4,588,252
Mar. 30
45
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Apг. 21
May 2
May 13
May 24
June 4
56
67
78
89
100
111
122
June 15
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133
July 7
July 18
144
155
July 29
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177
5,228,738
5,771,205
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Aug. 31
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Sept. 22
199
210
6,673,451
221
7,109,730
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12
68
Mar. 8
23
541
Mar. 19
34
14,896
171,655
517,100
Mar. 30
45
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Apr. 21
May 2
May 13
May 24
June 4
56
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835,559
1,170,301
1,443,627
78
89
100
1,704,112
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111
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2,187,774
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155
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Aug. 20
Aug. 31
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4,588,252
177
5,228,738
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188
199
6,239,373
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210
6,673,451
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