PCN-153 Week 5 HIV-AIDS Myths,Theories,& Statistical Data Paper

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PCN-153 Week 5 Writing Assignment: HIV/AIDS Myths, Theories, & Statistical Data Paper By Courtney C. Appleton

Courtney C. Appleton PCN-153 Facilitator David Rawlins August 26th, 2018 HIV/AIDS Myths, Theories, & Statistical Data Close proximity, directed toward almost four decades past, has donned witness upon a once deemed terminal illness that nearly forty years ago was disguised by passing whisper through shame from any auditory reverb that may multiply a fear terrorized from AIDS. Theorized circumstance surrounding the origin of the life-altering, previously life-threatening illness, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, recognized through the addressed acronym of AIDS, completes a result met through varied versions. Introductory transmissional spread of the virus was minimal claiming only those human beings resided within the secular communities sheltered from earthly modernization. Mitigating factors vented through migration, socio- economic instabilities, improvement within the networks of transportation, popularity engaged through an action of multiple sexual partners, vast exchanges within blood-borne productions, and the ravenous culture accenting an intravenous chemical drug utilization have dynamically arranged the autoimmune disease through a rapid encompass around our world entirely. (Where Does AIDS Come From?, 2003). AIDS is most presently delivering cause by two lentiviruses, the “human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2)”. Both of the HIV diseases are a product of cross-species genetic strain transmission called “Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses (SIVs)” that naturally infected African primates. Large majority of this specific viral transfer spread was extensively limited through any human species. (Sharp, Paul M.; Hahn, Beatrice H.,

2011). Although, a single transmission occurrence, involving chimpanzees from southeastern Cameroon, introduced the HIV-1 “group M” as the responsible party for the AIDS pandemic. Primarily recognized around the year 1981, AIDS became a public outrage as an increase within numbers pertaining toward homosexual males flagged suspicion upon the unusual opportunistic threats of infection and rare malignancies. Initially termed a retrovirus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, was eventually determined toward being the most devastating, infectious illnesses that emerged over the past hundred year century. From within a first identification of HIV-1, also referenced as the main (M) group, the disease has perpetrated through infection of at least 60 million individual human beings and may authorize blame for more than 25 million deaths. (Sharp, Paul M.; Hahn, Beatrice H., 2011). HIV-1 is an autoimmune blood-transferred infection prevalent within the regions of Africa, Europe, the United States, and various alternate parts of our world while HIV-2 remains toward a more prevalent of occurrence within the West African region of the planet. Therein remains numerous and vast theories pertained toward the infectious human disease affecting the autoimmune system, however, the individualized tale abducting that the virus originated when transferred from primates toward humans, maintains toward being an ultimate conclusion as contamination through animal blood most likely entered into the humans through cuts on their hands during the butchering of the SIV-infected primates for food. This cross-contamination is stated toward selected occurrence sometime throughout the earlier twentieth-century. (Where Does AIDS Come From?, 2003). Multiple religious affiliations are firm within their belief system pertained toward the origin of the HIV/AIDS infectious disease. The more conservative secular organizations have concocted their story claiming that HIV descended from an angry God-like spirit who was

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contrite within His reflections upon homosexual creatures of nurture as well as within the realms of intravenous drug-use, and those who convict themselves prisoner toward prostitution and/or promiscuity. This “Heavenly Theory” also conveys secondly through an origin that HIV was delivered by cosmic debris filtered through the air fallen from within the tail of a comet’s mass particles. The “Conspiracy Theory” shall hold previous belief that HIV originated through a development from within the United States military as a weapon of biological warfare, or better yet, the various right-wing American organizations that blamed the Soviet Nation for the AIDS epidemic. (Katrak, Sarosh M., 2006). Neither of these featured origins for HIV/AIDS reigns within any truth as it is presently widely accepted that HIV is a direct descendent of the SIV due toward the specific strains of SIVs that carry a homology toward the HIV-1 and HIV-2. (Katrak, Sarosh M., 2006). Narrowing toward the last quarter of the twentieth century focused upon the first three years within the decade of the 1980s, HIV and AIDS were only feared acronyms surrounded by immature speculation as per the identifying transmissional composures. Myths began toward a tremendous increase within the postulating numbers moved through communicable gossip. As presence shall pocket substantial reassurance regarding the possibilities toward HIV and AIDS transmission, the disease may only infect through passage of blood within a person to person contact via the body fluids of blood, semen, vaginal and anal fluids, or breast milk. (Myths About HIV and AIDS, 2017). The simple pleasure of merely touching an individual who is infected within the disease shall never consecrate a positive transmission of HIV or AIDS. Although insects, such as mosquitos, may often carry infectious diseases, HIV and/or AIDS is declared incapable within the possibility of any human transmission as it does not inject the blood from the previously bitten human individual. (Myths About HIV and AIDS, 2017). The

centuries-old culture combined of body piercing and ink-impressed tattoos utilizes through a syringe needle-exchange that has been recognized as questionable by the CDC and various organizations for quite some time. Practitioners are mandated by laws toward the sterilization of needles and meticulous cleansing of work station areas prior toward any new individual client. Therein lies a sole risk component when, and if, the professional artist has utilized a syringe needle within the body of an HIV or AIDS-infected individual client failing toward any cleansing and/or sterilization following their completion of work. (Myths About HIV and AIDS, 2017). An estimated 39,393 American individuals were newly diagnosed through a positive status of HIV, the autoimmune virus that causes AIDS, within the year 2015. Approximately 1:7 of these United States’ individuals, infected within the disease of HIV, are unaware toward their positive status. Statistical prevalence surrounding the state of New York estimated approximately 3,123 adults and adolescents were newly diagnosed as positively infected within the year 2015. This number ranked New York State as the 4th among the 50 states within the number of HIV diagnoses cited within the year 2015. (HIV Surveillance Report, 2018). Misguided youth has categorized adolescents at a greater risk for an HIV infection, various alternate sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintentional pregnancies, although statistical data has confirmed a substantial decline within the national numbers pertaining toward those adolescents presently engaged within the action of sexual behavior. Within the year 2015, New York State declared that 14.9% of 9th grade high school students had reported being positively engaged within the action of sexual behaviors decreased through comparison toward the 30.5% within the year 2005. Approximately 22.7% of New York State high school 10th graders reported their 2015 positive engagement within the action of sexual behaviors decreasing toward the 2005 year

marking 39.1%. (HIV Surveillance Report, 2018). The “Centers for Disease Control and Prevention”, CDC, assists through a funding of the New York State health department and the New York City health department implementing cost-effective and scalable programs and policies that shall bear outcome toward a greater impact upon HIV prevention throughout the state’s most affected communities and service-necessitating regions. (HIV Surveillance Report, 2018). Addressing necessary components involved within a substance-related disorder, HIV/AIDS positive diagnosed individuals must be obtained through an account for, what is presently referred toward as, a “triple diagnosis”. This “triple diagnosis” entails that of the individual’s HIV/AIDS positive status, a psychiatric diagnosis, and substance-use/related disorder(s). Integrated treatment options must maintain striking regard far beyond a simplified service introduction contained of the individual’s substance-use, psychiatric, and medical symptoms as their HIV/AIDS positive medical status details supported arrangement for the addressing of all alternate health-related behaviors. (Durvasula, Ramani Ph.D.; Miller, Theodore R., n.d.). A counselor or therapist must consider utilizing treatment aspects conveyed through “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy”, “Motivational Interviewing”, and “Dialectical Behavioral Therapy” model introductions formed, not solely for an intervention proposal, but also for preventional purposes as well. Addiction and substance abuse are greatly prevalent among 50% of those individuals residing HIV/AIDS diagnosed status-positive throughout the United States, and their substance-use is relatively associated within pinpointed health behaviors and various negative outcomes toward an inclusion fulfilled within those struggles of non-adherence, immunosuppression, increased risk through sexual deviance, and an increased burden upon the American healthcare system. (Durvasula, Ramani Ph.D.; Miller, Theodore R., n.d.). Counselors

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engaging HIV/AIDS infected substance-use disorder diagnosed individuals must sustain proper training and technique course curriculums updating certification through any advancements of timeline. The collaborated management of treating substance-use disorder HIV/AIDS diagnosed individuals continues toward a selection emerged through the prominent factors of risk reduction, primary medical care, and rehabilitation as it focuses around a quality within life, and the overall health production for those individuals residing status-positive infected through the disease of HIV/AIDS. (Durvasula, Ramani Ph.D.; Miller, Theodore R., n.d.). RESOURCE MATERIAL Durvasula, Ramani Ph.D.; Miller, Theodore R. (n.d.). Substance Abuse Treatment in Persons with HIV/AIDS: Challenges in Managing Triple Diagnosis. Behavioral Medicine

(Washington, D.C.). Department of Psychology. California State University. Los Angeles, CA. USA. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999248/ HIV Surveillance Report. (2018). Statistics Overview: HIV/AIDS. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention. National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. HHS/Open. Atlanta, Georgia. USA. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/indx.html Katrak, Sarosh M. (2006). The Origin of HIV and AIDS: An Enigma of Evolution. Presidential Oration. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. Official Journal of Indian Academy of Neurology. Wolters Kluwer. MedKnow. Mumbai, India. Retrieved from: https://www.annalsofian.org/article.asp?issn=0972- 2327;year=2006;volume=9;issue=1;spage=5;ep age=10;aulast=Katrak Myths About HIV and AIDS. (2017). Global Information and Education on HIV and AIDS. Information on HIV: Professional Resources. AVERT. United Kingdom. Retrieved from: https://www.avert.org Where Does AIDS Come From? (2003). Health 24. Retrieved from: https://www.m.health24.com

PCN-153 Week 5 HIV-AIDS Myths,Theories,& Statistical Data Paper

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