cf_crj105_w06a1_assignment Joy Adams

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Week 6 Assignment – Theories of Criminology Criminal Behavior Chart ( Joy Adams) Instructions To complete this assignment, you must: 1. Fill in all empty spaces in all 3 tables below. 2. Answer the scenario questions listed below each table. Early and Classical Criminological Theories Theory Definition Major Theorists Demonological Assumes supernatural forces are the cause of criminal behavior Traditional Authority Classical Theory Assumes that criminals are rational actors who weigh the pleasure and pain of activity Beccariam Bentham, Wilson, Becker Hedonism A pleasure seeking philosophy Jeremy Bentham Neoclassical Theory View crime as influenced by criminal opportunities to commit crimes Beccariam Bentham, Wilson, Becker Rational Choice Offenders weigh the opportunities, cost, and benefits of particular crimes Cornish and Clarke Deterrence Belief that punishment will serve as a warning and inhibit individuals and groups from involvement in criminal activites Ecological Theory Crime is caused by environmental or geographic forces Quetelet and Guerry, Lieber and Sherin Scenario: Jayden Jayden is a high school junior who has recently been trying new activities. What started with smoking pot, has since turned into trying other drugs with new friends he met at school. Though Jayden has been taught about the dangers of drug use, he likes the way that drugs make him feel and continues to experiment with various substances, always seeking pleasure. In 1-2 sentences, answer the following questions: 1

Week 6 Assignment – Theories of Criminology 1. Which theory best describes Jayden’s pleasure-seeking behavior? Hendonism 2. Why? Hendonism theory best describes Jayden’s behavior because he find pleasure in the way the drugs make him feel enen though he know the dangers they may cause. He started with smoking pot and once that no longer gave him the reaction it once did he is now seeking other drugs to give him a better feeling. Biological Theories Theory Definition Major Theorists Biological Positivism Crime is caused by inherited genetic and other biological causes Cesare Lombroso Atavism Criminal were throwback to an earlier and more primitive evolutionary period “throwback to the apes” Lombroso, Darwin Physical Stigmata Based on Lombroso’s theory, criminals can be identified based on facial characteristics Lombroso Social Darwinism The belief that there is survival of the fittest in society Lombroso, Somatypes Body types: endomorphs,mesomorphs, and ectomorphs Sheldon, Kretchmer, Glueck Scenario: Paul Paul was recently arrested for theft. Much of his family is not surprised of Paul’s arrest as his older brother, cousin, and father have also been arrested and served jail sentences for theft and other similar behaviors. In 1-2 sentences, answer the following questions: 1. Based on the theories above, which would best describe the behavior of Paul and his family members that have been arrested? Biological Positivism 2. Why? This theory describes Paul because it is the belief that the reason crimes are committed it due to being inherited/ genetic. Pauls immediate family ( father, brother, cousin) all have a history of being arrested for the same and similar crimes. 2

Week 6 Assignment – Theories of Criminology Sociological Theories Theory Definition Major Theorists Anomie Moral confusion or breakdown in mores or gap between goals and means in society Emile Durkheim General Strain Theory Due to negative relationships in which individuals feel that they are being mistreated Robert Agnew Subcultural Theory Theories that view the type of crimes as due to various forms of delinquent subcultures Richard Cloward, Lloyd Ohlin, Albert Cohen Routine Activities The volume of criminal offenses will be related to the nature of everyday patterns of interaction Cohen, Felson, Social disorganization Crime is due to social disorganization and social breakdown of an area Clifford Shaw, Henry McKay Differential Association Crime is learned from exposure to an excess of contacts that advocate criminal behavior Edwin Sutherland Labeling Theory Individuals are deviant because they have been labeled as deviant by social agencies and others Edwin Lemert, Frank Tannenbaum, Howard Becker, John Braithwaite Conflict Theory Groups competing for power William Chambliss, Richard Quinney Scenario: Mark Mark and his family recently moved to a new area. He started a new school where he met Brandon while walking to school. Brandon hangs out with a tough crowd that is often skipping 3

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Week 6 Assignment – Theories of Criminology school and is known to sell drugs. While Mark has not engaged in this behavior as of yet, kids at school start to call him a “druggie” because of his affiliation with Brandon. In 1-2 sentences, answer the following questions: 1. Which theory best describes how Mark is being treated? Labeling 2. Why? I think this best describes how Mark is being treated because just because Mark is hanging with a friend who does things that he don’t do others think he is doing the same thing. Mark is being labeled as “druggie” because he is friends with someone who sells drugs. 4

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