WS8 - Human Demographics

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University of South Carolina *

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301

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Sociology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Uploaded by lmarks422

Human Demography Name: Lauren Marks 1. What differences in survivorship do you expect to see for: a. Males vs. Females? Why? (2 pt) - We expect that females will live longer than males since females have a longer life expectancy rate than males. Females have less chance of having conditions such as strokes and heart attacks, while males have a high chance, which often can result in death. b. Cohorts from the 1800’s versus the 1900’s? Why? (2 pt) - We expect those in the 1900’s to live longer than those in the 1800’s due to better medicine during this time, less infant death (better natal care) environmental factors such as water that could be contaminated, and awareness of harmful diseases and prevention of such. 2. [10 points] Input your data from the cemetery into Excel. Calculate l x for each ten-year age class, split up by sex. For the four sets of data, plot age class vs. ln(l x ) on a single line-graph. Make sure that the figure is appropriately formatted and labeled (including a caption). Attach the figure below: Figure 1: Survivorship curve based on Males and Females born in the 1850s or 1900s by comparing age class and survivorship.

3. For the four cohorts, describe the shapes of the survivorship curves. a. What type of survivorship curve do they most resemble (Type I, II, or III)? (2 pts) i. Female Pre 1850 ’s: Type I ii. Male Pre 1850 ’s: Type I iii. Female Post 1900 ’s: Type I iv. Male Post 1900’s: Type I b. What does this imply about chances of survival through age classes in the two time frames studied? (2 pts) - This implies that even back in the 1850s and 1900s, humans still demonstrate a type one curve, which does not show low mortality until later in life. However, when comparing the slopes with each other, it can be determined that those born in the 1900s have a longer chance of survival than those born in the 1800s for both Males and Females. Those in the 1800s seem to reach an average death age between 75-85 while those in the 1900s live to be between 85-95. Females also tended to live longer than males in their specific age group, 1850s or 1900s. c. Are your predictions from part one confirmed or refuted? (2 pts) - My predictions from part one can be confirmed since those in the 1900s lived longer than those in the 1850s. This could be due to better medical technology, better medicine, living conditions, and awareness. Also, the females of their age group lived longer than the males of their group which was also predicted. This could have been due to war or just general health risks.

Age Class Males Pre- 1850s Males 1900s Females Pre - 1850s Females 1900s 0-10 8 2 4 3 11-20 5 0 1 0 21-30 6 0 6 1 31-40 10 1 3 2 41-50 7 2 3 0 51-60 14 2 5 1 61-70 11 10 6 2 71-80 8 15 13 13 81-90 5 12 12 15 91-100 1 8 1 12 101-110 0 1 0 1

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