week 5 discussion social psych

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Apr 3, 2024

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TASK 1: Sexism (7 points total) For this task, you will be considering the scores themselves and also the concepts. 1. Analyze and discuss your hostile and benevolent sexism SCORES (2.5pts) . (Note: If you are uncomfortable providing your actual scores in the public forum, please don't. However, you should send me the scores via IM or email so I know you did complete the assignment and get credit). For the post, you need to discuss and analyze your scores by comparison - compare your scores to the average of at least two other categories; to males/females; other countries -- you select who or what you find interesting to compare to but more importantly, provide reasons why you chose those categories and what you expected to find in your comparison (with reasons based in psychological concepts). Other aspects to consider: What did you think of the items in the survey? Explain what you think about the scores .. accurate? What else crossed your mind? -For this assignment, I actually didn’t know what to expect when answering the questions on the survey. After learning and researching hostile and benevolent sexism, I wasn’t too surprised at my score, but was a little confused. My score for the survey was 1.27 for hostile sexism and 3.27 for benevolent sexism. When it comes to my hostile sexism score, I can agree to disagree. I feel as though it being on the low side is where I would agree because I don’t feel that I have any hostility towards women. I feel as though women are equal to men in so many ways; however, I also agree that women shouldn’t play the victim so to speak. When I say play the victim, I am referencing towards women of society today crying when they don’t get their way when there is plenty of opportunities out there for everyone. You have to fight for it and want it, it is not given, but earned! I can definitely say we as a species have come a long way when it comes to equality and racism and sexism and there is definitely more ways or progress to be made. But women and I say this as I am one, can’t allow the other gender to control their success and opportunities. As far as my benevolent sexism score, it being on the higher side makes sense, but also seems inaccurate. I am and have never been the type of women to feel the need to have a “night in shinning armor”. My mom raised me to fend for myself and not depend on anyone not just a man. In all honesty whatever relationship I’ve been in, I always seem to be the one

doing the protecting and showing constant affection. I feel as though respect is mutual when it comes to a relationship/ partnership, or however you would like to describe it. I don’t feel that a women should ever be labeled as “obedient” to her partner as we are all equal and not slaves to anyone. I do feel that yes, a women should take care of her appearance and well-being, but not just for her man but for herself as well. When one feels good on the inside, they will automatically feel good on the outside. If I was to compare my scores to one another, I would definitely say they are pretty accurate and spot on. I feel my hostile sexism score could be a bit more on the lower side but considering the times and century we are in it is understandable. To compare my scores to two other categories, I chose that of older generations and other countries/cultures. When it comes to older generations, there’s bound to be some differences in comparison to the younger generations. Older generations of women are more inclined to follow the typical gender role as times were different then and that was the thing. The women were to cook, clean, look after the children, and tend to their husbands. They were not to work, not to seek out an education, and to be at the husband’s beck and call. As time progressed women became more independent and played both roles of the family. In a semi-recent study that was conducted, a decrease in the endorsement of sexism of the female gender but remained the same for the males (Hammond et al., 2017). I chose to conduct a study on my own with some elder women and men in my family. When it came to their scores, there was definitely some differences compared to mine. I had 2 of my great aunts who are over the age of 50 and one of my uncles who are in his 60s complete the survey. My aunts scored low on both the hostile and benevolent sexism scales. On the other hand, my uncle surprisingly scored in the 2’s for hostile sexism and in the 3’s for benevolent sexism. In an article it was mentioned that women who are higher on the hostile sexism scale are more likely to be traditionalists and hold negative looks on nontraditional women because of the threat they hold to their gender distinctions (Glick & Fiske 1997). As far as comparing it to other cultures, different cultures tend to have different values when it comes to their women and the level of power they

possess. My personal opinion, when it comes to majority foreign cultures, you can notice a lot of men are higher than women situations. These are things I have witnessed with my own eyes as my boss and other people I know are that of middle eastern cultures tend to talk down to their women and show little respect but demand it in return. This is also seen in certain religions such as the Islamic religion as well Buddhism. In a study that was conducted, those of the Indian culture seemed to have a greater extent than the egalitarian culture when it came to gender role traditionalism (Hill & Marshall, 2018). The reason behind my choice of the two comparing categories was because of the relevance they play in society today. Racism and sexism have always been a thing of importance but breaking it down and looking back to where they began can be just as important to the facts. The facts are being that some cultures, religions, and countries tend to see women and men different than what they should. They feel as though women are less than and not equal to despite the new laws of women equality. We can also say that older generations will have different beliefs because the traditional roles of men and women were created and set long before these equal laws and such came about. References: Glick, P., & Fiske, S. T. (1997). Hostile and Benevolent Sexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly , 21 (1), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00104.x Hammond, M. D., Milojev, P., Huang, Y., & Sibley, C. G. (2017). Benevolent Sexism and Hostile Sexism Across the Ages. Social Psychological and Personality Science , 9 (7), 863–874. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617727588 Hill, S., & Marshall, T. C. (2018). Beliefs about Sexual Assault in India and Britain are Explained by Attitudes Toward Women and Hostile Sexism. Sex Roles , 79 (7–8), 421– 430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-017-0880-6 2. Analyze and discuss the CONCEPTS of hostile and benevolent sexism (4.5pts).

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Some questions I came up with for you to consider (but remember, certainly add more of your own thoughts here): Do you think “ambivalent” sexism makes sense? How do you think the two types are related? What is the relevance and implications of these? How might we reduce each one? I'm sure there are many other ideas that come to your mind so please explore them in this commentary. As part of this task, find one article from a Psychology Journal (preferably one that has the words "Social" along with "Psychology" in the title of the journal) that explored the ASI (and please, do not use the original Glick and Fiske work or other work they did following up on the scale for this requirement -- of course you can include their work for other parts of the discussion if you want). Provide a brief paragraph summarizing the article (again, that involves writing about the hypothesis, briefly what they did and what they found -- all in your own words) and make sure to include the proper APA citation for the source (this summary of the article will be worth 1.5 out of the 4.5 points). - When it comes to ambivalent sexism, I do feel that to some degree it makes sense. I feel when it comes to psychology, everything is broken down into many different categories to make up a bigger thing. Although it is only theoretical, I believe it is accurate. Now in order for it to be completely accurate and make complete sense, every factor will need to be taken into consideration and compared and contrasted. When it comes to the two types of sexism, hostile and benevolent, we can see the relation by knowing that to every aspect of life, there is a positive and negative side. Benevolent sexism refers to the positive evaluations of women and the traditionalism of society whereas hostile sexism refers to the negative evaluations of women who are against the traditionalism of society and gender. The relevance of both hostile and benevolent sexism is to reinforce certain practices and traditional behaviors. Because many older generations practice traditional aspects and have traditional beliefs and morals, this is prevalent to society today and how most of us were raised. These two categories also tend to imply that men are more or should be more competent than women when that is not the case. Studies have shown that when it comes to benevolent sexism, women are supposed to be more about family than anything else. They are supposed to take care of the children, tend to the homes, and focus on their family rather than furthering their education and getting jobs.

I think to reduce these stereotypes and better the biased society, we have to actually come to believe that women are equal to men and just as good at completing any tasks. When society as a whole begins to instill this message into generation after generation by action and not just by mouth, these stereotypes will likely reduce. In a study that was conducted which was motivated from a social cognitive perspective, authors Roets, Van Hiel and Dhont chose to look closely at the issues of sexism and its relation to gender. It was hypothesized that sexism stemmed from individual differences in motivated cognitive style that comes from peoples perspectives of the world around them (Roets, Van Hiel, & Dhont, 2012). This study hoped to prove that it wasn’t in fact women and men that influenced sexism but was the environment surrounding them. When it came to this study, the approach that was taken was that from a non-biased point of view. The researchers investigated, questioned, and assessed individual differences for both genders. They conducted several studies in order to make sure no tables were left unturned or analyzed. In order to complete their investigation, the samples with heterogenous instead of undergrad students. In the first part of the study, they looked more at relative contribution of the genders and the NfC when it came to hostile and benevolent sexism. When it came to the second study, they chose to expand their search and compare it to their initial study. In conclusion the researchers saw that NfC was an underlying factor when it came to sexism towards both genders. Personally, I feel that this study was very relevant and was a good search on ASI. When it comes to be sexist or racist, I feel it is based on that person and not people as a whole regardless of gender toward gender. I have encountered several sexist situations in my 26 years of life and when I say it disgusted me, I was appalled. It was not only the fact that my mom raised me better, but at the fact that some parents didn’t raise their children better or that it was taught to them, but they failed to follow through. Reference:

Roets, A., Van Hiel, A., & Dhont, K. (2012). Is Sexism a Gender Issue? A Motivated Social Cognition Perspective on Men’s and Women’s Sexist Attitudes toward Own and Other Gender. European Journal of Personality , 26 (3), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.843 TASK 2: Racism (5 points) For this task, please watch the following excerpt provided by Frontline on Youtube taken from Jane Elliott’s classic experiment titled “A Class Divided”. For this assignment, you only need to watch about 27 minutes of it (53 minutes total; all of it is very interesting so I encourage you to watch as much of it as you can). Please keep in mind that this was done in a different historical time so obviously, contains references and procedures that most likely would not be allowed today. FYI, there are many other reenactments of this (for example, The Oprah Winfrey Show did one). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mcCLm_LwpE Your task for this discussion is to provide a social psychological commentary of various things that happened in the short study. You should consider adding a little of your personal opinion and application to your own experiences and those of others to make this commentary unique to you. However, the big part of this commentary is to apply and analyze various social psychological concepts/theories/research findings from the chapter as applied to various details of this study. As always, even if some of this material is disturbing or very personal, I hope you enjoy this method of learning. It might help some of you who were disturbed by the methodology and the children as participants to know that Ms. Elliot followed up with her original students when they were adults and they indicated that they were thankful and learned a lot from the experience (as you can see in the latter part of the video). After watching the video, A Class Divided, there was a lot taken from it. First, I want to say that humans are the creators of this thing we call racism. We were all created equally and at some point in time, one race felt that they were superior than the other. As the author of the video Jane Elliot states, there is a solution to racism, and it doesn’t have to last. Although this has been an ongoing issue in society, racial inequality has proven to be something that happens through all cultures and countries. For this short study, Jane Elliot, now 87 years old, came up with the blue eyes/brown eyes concept. Naturally, as a kid growing up, when I hear blue eyes, my mind automatically thinks of a Caucasian individual. When I think of brown eyes, I think of someone of color. Growing up, I’ve experienced racism in my community and at my school. Although I am of mixed decent, Caucasian, native American, and African American, I am dominantly African American. While attending private school as a child, I would have kids of white decent say they were better than me because I had wavy curly hair and

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it wasn’t straight lie theirs. I have light-colored eyes, but it was always something of, are they really yours or are they contacts. When I would respond with the truth which was, they are real, I would get hit with oh where are you from, but I mean where are your parents from. Still to this day, people are shocked when they hear my ethnicity and my background. When we look at the short study, we are able to see that sociology was shown with symbolism and conflicting perspectives. If referring back to our readings, something known as a labeling theory where we see ourselves labeling others based off of how they look. If you think about it, it also refers to our perception of others based of first impression. There was definitely some social categorization going on in this short study, more so from Jane Elliot as she was trying to test the reaction of others. Although social categorization can have some advantages, in this scenario we can only see disadvantages such that the brown eyed individuals were being discriminated against. Even as stated in the chapter, social categorization happens without any thought put into it (Crisp & Hewstone, 2007, as cited in Strangor et al. (2014)). References: Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. (Eds.). (2007). Multiple social categorization . San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. Strangor, C., Jhangiani, R., & Tarry, H. (2014). Principles of Social Psychology, 1 st International Edition. BCcampus OpenEd. Retrieved from: https://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/

week 5 discussion social psych

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