J5 Draft Answers

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Central Texas College *

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Sociology

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Apr 3, 2024

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J5: Community Policing Read the Boehme et al. (2020) article and answer the following questions about the article. 1. What was the researchers’ objective in conducting this research? In other words, what did they hope to learn? The researchers' objective in conducting this research was to investigate citizens' perceptions of over- and under-policing concerning race, ethnicity, and community characteristics. They aimed to understand how these perceptions vary across different demographic groups and neighborhood contexts. The researchers' objective in conducting this research was to disentangle the concepts of over- and under-policing and explore the relationship between race, perceptions of police, and neighborhood context. 2. Would you classify this research as exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory? Would you classify it as pure or applied? Explain your answers. This research can be classified as descriptive and explanatory. It is descriptive because it aims to describe and analyze citizens' perceptions of over- and under-policing. It is explanatory as it seeks to explain the factors influencing these perceptions. Additionally, this research can be considered applied as it has practical implications for improving police-community relations. This research can be classified as explanatory as it aims to understand the factors associated with over- and under-policing explicitly to inform policy changes. 3. To what extent has this topic been studied by previous researchers? Previous researchers have studied the relationship between race, ethnicity, neighborhood characteristics, and perceptions of policing. However, this specific focus on citizens' perceptions of over- and under-policing in diverse communities may be relatively novel. Based on the excerpt provided, previous researchers have indeed studied the topic to some extent. The excerpt mentions previous research by authors such as Boyles (2015), Butler (2017), Cobbina (2019), and Rios (2011), suggesting that there is existing literature on the over- and under-policing of communities of color. These studies likely provide insights into similar issues faced by communities in different geographic areas across the United States. Additionally, the excerpt acknowledges that previous research has explored related topics, such as the impact of the 1994 Crime Bill on policing practices. Overall, while there is some existing research on the topic, the excerpt also highlights the limitations of previous studies and the need for further investigation, particularly considering the evolving nature of the issue and changes in societal context over time.

4. How did the researchers gather their data for this article? The researchers gathered their data through a survey conducted in a large southeastern city in the United States. The survey included questions about citizens' perceptions of police practices, experiences with law enforcement, and demographic information. The researchers gathered their data using the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) community survey. 5. What kind of data did the researchers gather for this study? The researchers gathered data on citizens' perceptions of over- and under-policing, demographic characteristics (such as race, ethnicity, age, and gender), neighborhood characteristics, and experiences with law enforcement. They gathered data on race/ethnicity, perceptions of over- and under-policing, and neighborhood context. The researchers gathered survey data on perceptions of over-policing and under-policing in communities of color, as well as opinions on police responsiveness and effectiveness. 6. What are the researchers’ findings? The researchers found that citizens' perceptions of over-policing were influenced by race, ethnicity, and neighborhood characteristics. They also found that perceptions of under- policing varied across different demographic groups and communities. The researchers found evidence for the distinction between over- and under-policing and emphasized the importance of exploring these concepts independently. The researchers found that communities of color experience over-policing, particularly through tactics like stop-and- frisk and zero-tolerance policing, while also experiencing neglect and lack of police responsiveness when needed. They also identified distinctions between over-policing and under-policing, emphasizing the need for further research on these concepts. 7. Did the researchers achieve their research objective(s)? Why or why not? The researchers partially achieved their research objectives by providing insights into the complex relationship between race, ethnicity, and community characteristics in shaping citizens' perceptions of policing. Yes, the researchers achieved their research objectives. They were able to disentangle the concepts of over- and under-policing and explore the relationship between race, perceptions of police, and neighborhood context. Their findings highlighted the importance of exploring these concepts independently and added to the body of knowledge on this subject. However, further research may be needed to fully understand the nuances of these perceptions. The researchers achieved their research objectives by demonstrating the distinct but overlapping nature of over-policing and under-policing and highlighting the varied experiences of Blacks, Latinxs, and Whites in their perceptions of police, influenced by neighborhood characteristics. 8. How did these researchers add to the body of knowledge on this subject?

These researchers added to the body of knowledge on this subject by highlighting the importance of considering both over- and under-policing in understanding citizens' perceptions of law enforcement. Their findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on police-community relations and the need for culturally competent policy recommendations. They added to the body of knowledge on this subject by highlighting the unique nature of over- and under-policing and their associations with race/ethnicity and place. This research adds to the body of knowledge by disentangling the concepts of over-policing and under-policing, emphasizing the importance of understanding these dynamics to comprehend the experiences of people of color with law enforcement. 9. How might this research affect the practice of criminal justice? This research may affect the practice of criminal justice by informing policymakers and law enforcement agencies about the importance of addressing citizens' perceptions of over- and under-policing. It underscores the need for community-oriented policing strategies that take into account diverse perspectives. This research may affect the practice of criminal justice by informing culturally competent policy changes to improve police-community relationships. This research may influence the practice of criminal justice by raising awareness of the nuanced experiences of communities of color with policing and underscoring the need for more equitable and responsive law enforcement practices. 10. How would you improve this research and/or conduct additional research to further expand the body of knowledge on this subject? To improve this research and expand the body of knowledge on this subject, researchers could consider conducting longitudinal studies to track changes in citizens' perceptions over time. Additionally, qualitative research methods such as interviews or focus groups could provide deeper insights into the reasons behind citizens' perceptions of over- and under-policing. To further expand the body of knowledge on this subject, researchers could conduct longitudinal studies to track changes in perceptions of policing over time and explore the effectiveness of community-based policing initiatives in addressing over- policing and under-policing. Additionally, qualitative research methods could be employed to gain deeper insights into the lived experiences of individuals affected by these policing practices.

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