HLSS154 Wk2 Discussion

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American Public University *

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HLSS154

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Sociology

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Feb 20, 2024

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Discussion Questions : Pick at least one contemporary theory of terrorism and describe the main elements. Analyze the theory you chose and be sure to describe the premise of the theory. Also, describe why you think is effective in establishing a cause or reason that terrorism becomes an option. Strain is present in nearly every person's life, in some way or another, and is often times what drives us to either succeed or fail with goals we set for ourselves. Most people find ways to cope with or relieve that strain through healthy means, but others take that strain and turn to extreme methods. In that regard, I chose to write about the Strain Theory of terrorism for this week's discussion. The strain theory of terrorism suggests that someone may turn to extremism or extremist groups due to a collection of many strains over the course of their life. R. Agnew believed that a cumulative of strains developed in one's lifetime made them more susceptible to resort to extreme measures, or criminality, as a way of dealing with it. The greater the strain the more likely someone would be to turn to criminal means. Some scientists believe that, along with constant strain, the ones who chose radicalism also had "low social control," in which they lacked the ability to control themselves. When asked what caused the turn to terrorism, extremists' common answers were often regarding strains of religious or racial discrimination; identity issues; ongoing poverty/economic disparities; lack of/denial of civil, political, or human rights; militant occupation in a country; or cultural/familial demands. Many far-right terrorist groups were created due to at least one of, or a cumulation of, these strains. After 9/11 happened, extremists believed that because Bin Laden was Muslim and a terrorist, then that meant every Muslim was a terrorist threat. Hate groups formed practically demanding their heads simply because of the terrorist attack on our country done by a Muslim. The Black Panthers group was created due to racial and ethnic injustices people of color had been experiencing for decades that were either ignored or allowed by the government. These groups chose radicalism after dealing with negative strain after negative strain. In their minds, extreme and radical measures were the only way that things would change and the only way they could fight back. I think the strain theory kind of bleeds in to the social movement theory, in a way, because of the fact that extremists under both theories are all fighting for a change in something. The social movement theory consists of like-minded people forming to cause a revolution or a "new movement" consistent with their ideologies. Whether their radical ways and beliefs are due to religion, race, politics, cultural, or of economic reasons, extremism is chosen by these people because they believe acts of violence, hate, terror, and intimidation are the correct routes to take in order to get what they want and have their voices heard. While I understand how badly strain can affect your life, I do know that there are right ways, and there are wrong ways, to go about dealing with them. Nothing good has ever come from terroristic acts; none of those previous terrorist groups were ever institutionalized or around permanently, they were all either de-grouped or dwindled down over time. In terms of reasons why someone would become involved in extremism, the strain theory about multiple stressors in one's life playing a huge factor in terrorism, is strongly evident and clear in many of the terrorists/terrorist groups that we've seen in the last 60-something years.

AGNEW, R. (2001). Building on the Foundation of General Strain Theory: Specifying the Types of Strain Most Likely to Lead to Crime and Delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 38(4), 319- 361. https://doi-org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.1177/0022427801038004001

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