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1 1CONMED Assignment #2- Documentary Analysis

2 Introduction: There has been a growing toll of gun violence in America with nearly 100 Americans getting killed due to gunshot wounds every day. In the past decade, almost 1.2 million Americans have been shot (Lawcenter.giffords.org). Further Majority of the Black American population in the country has a negative perception regarding the racial progress of the US. The majority of the US adults still believe that the slavery traditions of the past are still having an impact on the position of black people in the society of America (Pew Research Center). What Causes Gun Violence in America: Scene 1: “Tom Mauser - Father of Daniel Mauser”. In America, it is quite easier to get Guns and there are needs to have laws for gun accessibility in the US. In one of the research studies conducted by Pew Research Center, it was reported that nearly 3 in 10 Americans own guns and the majority of the Americans believe that there is a need to have stricter gun control laws in the country but the views differ along the political lines (Gramlich, and Schaeffer). The Washinton Post reported that the US has the highest rate of civilian-owned guns in the world (1.2 guns for each person). The report highlights that despite growing instances of mass shootings the politicians of the country are not able to introduce a mandatory provision that will require “universal background checks before all gun purchases, without any loopholes” (Klaas). Report further states that there is a need to have reforms to “ban on assault-style weapons, banning large-capacity magazines such as the one used in Dayton, and requiring gun safety training” (Klaas). Surveillance is one of the important functions which relates to sharing information to make society get awareness regarding a particular issue. In this case, the news media networks are trying to highlight that the reason behind the rising gun violence in the country is the weak gun regulations in the country and how the gun violence in the country has taken epidemic proportions.

3 Scene 2: “Who is to blame for this massacre? The modern culture is heavily immersed in media and it is quite difficult to develop a complete understanding of the kind of impacts that the violence in the media has. In their research study Scharrer et al., pointed out that video games have a contagion impact minds of the young people and they do contribute towards generating aggression. Another study performed by Coyne et al. highlighted that the violence in video games was indirectly related to lower levels of prosocial behaviour and lower level of benevolence. The cultivation function of the media refers that the Heavy mass media users tend to “cultivate perceptions of the world that are congruent with those shown in the media. Heavy media users allow the media to shape their reality much more than light media users. Since media portrayals are exaggerated, heavy media users tend to have erroneous perceptions of reality”. It is without any doubt that the type of media can generate emotional messages that are responded by individuals. Discrimination against African Americans Scene 3: “African American – News reports on African American”. The news reporting of mass shootings also demonstrates the prevalence of white privilege in American society. As per a recent report by The Guardian, in comparison to the non-Muslim extremists, the Muslim extremists receive 357% times the more news coverage (Chalabi). The authors analysed the attitudes of the journalists regarding news coverage of the mass shooting in the US. Their findings revealed that most of the coverage of mass shootings is sensational and the manner in which newsrooms cover these events can be a major ethical issue. The research study conducted by Frizzell et al. showed that the news reports were 19 times more likely to blame mental illness when the criminal was white as compared to the black perpetrator. The researchers further showed the evidence that when the journalists are able to insinuate that the white criminal has a mental illness, then they try to establish that an offer is rather a nice person who has been going through extreme circumstances in life (Frizzell et al.). As per the Correlation, function relates to the manner in which facts are presented by the media and how they are utilized for the functioning of the real world. The manner in which the

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4 media interpret these events allows the individuals to understand their roles in the larger society. In this situation, the media portrayed that most of the terror attacks are carried out by Muslims or Most of the mass shootings are done by blacks. Such a biased portrayal of racial and religious minorities in news coverage can create negative sentiments against them in society. Also, this raises the question of the white privilege of the news media, as most of them are dominated by whites. Scene 4: “US history - from slavery to the formation of NRA/KKK” Majority of the African Americans are facing discrimination even today. According to a pew research study, nearly 61% of the total Americans and 88% of Blacks in America feel that there is a need to make continuous changes so that blacks can have equal rights like whites in the country. Also, nearly 43% of the blacks in America feel that there will not be any significant change in the country to provide equal rights to Blacks in the country. The findings also showed that majority of the black people feel that they are discriminated at their workplace, for getting loans, while dealing with police, in getting justice, in restaurants & stores and even while voting during elections. Additionally, the research studies also revealed that the majority of blacks feel that lower quality of schools and have a lack of jobs as one of the major reasons behind their hard times. Further, the study also shows there is a significant gap between the Black and Whites on the reasons behind blacks struggling on quality of life parameters (Pew Research Center). Another report highlighted by the Center for American Progress shows that despite having an uninterrupted period of job growth for the past several months, the African American community in the country is still facing obstacles to getting proper jobs. The cultural transmission function of the media is to depict the various social and cultural values that exist in society and ensuring that this information is passed on to the next generation. In this case, Moore tried to clearly reflect society’s cultural heritage and how blacks are facing discrimination generations after generations. Conclusion: Gun Violence in the US is a major social problem. There is a significant influence of media and social media have on the manner in which the news of gun violence is experienced by

5 the people across the country (Mitchell, and Bromfield). The media has created stereotypes about the people of colour by rarely showing minorities as victims. The negative portrayal of the black community in media through insinuating that the majority of the violence takes place in "in low- income and racial/ethnic minority communities and perpetuates the myth that gun violence is mainly the result of stereotypes like Blackon- Black crime” (Mitchell, and Bromfield). However such statements are false and discriminatory.

6 References Chalabi, Mona. "Terror Attacks By Muslims Receive 357% More Press Attention, Study Finds". The Guardian , 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jul/20/muslim- terror-attacks-press-coverage-study. Accessed 24 June 2020. Coyne, Sarah M. et al. "Violent Video Games, Externalizing Behavior, And Prosocial Behavior: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study During Adolescence.". Developmental Psychology , vol 54, no. 10, 2018, pp. 1868-1880. American Psychological Association (APA) , doi:10.1037/dev0000574. Accessed 24 June 2020. Frizzell, Laura et al. "Race Of Mass Shooters Influences How The Media Cover Their Crimes, New Study Shows". The Conversation , 2018, https://theconversation.com/race-of-mass- shooters-influences-how-the-media-cover-their-crimes-new-study-shows-100152. Gramlich, John, and Katherine Schaeffer. "7 Facts About Guns In The U.S.". Pew Research Center , 2019, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/10/22/facts-about-guns-in- united-states/. Klaas, Brian. "The World Thinks America’S Gun Laws Are Crazy — And They’Re Right". The Washington Post , 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/05/world- thinks-americas-gun-laws-are-crazy-theyre-right/. Accessed 24 June 2020. Lawcenter.giffords.org. "Gun Violence Statistics | Giffords Law Center To Prevent Gun Violence". Giffords Law Center To Prevent Gun Violence , 2020, https://lawcenter.giffords.org/facts/gun-violence-statistics/. Mitchell, Yolanda T., and Tiffany L. Bromfield. "Gun Violence And The Minority Experience | National Council On Family Relations". Ncfr.Org , 2018, https://www.ncfr.org/ncfr- report/winter-2018/gun-violence-and-minority-experience. Pew Research Center. "Discrimination And Racial Inequality". Pew Research Center’S Social & Demographic Trends Project , 2016, https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/3- discrimination-and-racial-inequality/.

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7 Scharrer, Erica et al. "Violent Video Games Do Contribute To Aggression". Video Game Influences On Aggression, Cognition, And Attention , 2018, pp. 5-21. Springer International Publishing , doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95495-0_2. Accessed 24 June 2020. Weller, Christian E. "African Americans Face Systematic Obstacles To Getting Good Jobs - Center For American Progress". Center For American Progress , 2019, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2019/12/05/478150/african- americans-face-systematic-obstacles-getting-good-jobs/.

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