Yemen Porposal Fina

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Nov 24, 2024

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Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 4 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 5 Background ...................................................................................................................... 5 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................... 5 Scope & Limitations ........................................................................................................ 6 Justification / Benefits ..................................................................................................... 6 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 6 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 7 Overview of Yemen Conflict ........................................................................................... 7 Humanitarian Crises: Dimensions and Challenges .......................................................... 7 Causes and Effects of the War in Yemen ......................................................................... 8 Gaps in the Literature ...................................................................................................... 8 Hypothesis (es) ................................................................................................................ 9 Conceptual Framework (Variables) ................................................................................. 9 Research Methodology ...................................................................................................... 10 Research Design ............................................................................................................ 10 Research Approach ........................................................................................................ 10 Data Collection .............................................................................................................. 11 Data Types .................................................................................................................. 11 Data Instruments ........................................................................................................ 11 Data Sources .............................................................................................................. 11 Plan of Data Analysis ................................................................................................. 12 Validity, Reliability, and Ethical Considerations ....................................................... 12 Proposal Summary ............................................................................................................. 12 Time Line ........................................................................................................................... 13 Works Cited ....................................................................................................................... 14

Abstract The ongoing conflict in Yemen is used in this paper as a case study to look at how local unrest and a major humanitarian crisis interact. Yemen has experienced war for a while. This study reviews the literature on civil war, humanitarian crises, and Yemen's current situation using qualitative secondary research methods. The literature study focuses on how Yemen's internal war has made the country's already severe humanitarian situation worse. Two hypotheses will be created and evaluated in light of the findings of this review: the first will look at the involvement of regional and international actors in humanitarian crises, and the second will look at the effect of intensifying war on the scope of such crises. This study will serve as the basis for these two hypotheses. The findings of this study may be helpful to governments and relief organizations in light of the ongoing humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen and the efforts to address the war's underlying causes.

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Introduction Background Since the beginning of human history, internal conflicts have been a reliable source of misery and unpredictability for the populations that are directly impacted by them. It is essential to address the underlying causes of these conflicts because, if they are not addressed at the political, social, ethnic, or economic levels, they have the potential to escalate into conflicts that result in fatalities (Al-Mekhlafi). One of the longest-running and most severe humanitarian crises in the world is currently occurring as a result of the civil war in Yemen. The prolonged violence has had a devastating effect on the population of Yemen, which is a country located in the southern portion of the Arabian Peninsula (Edwards). The Houthi rebels, who are a subgroup of the Zaidi Shia Muslim minority, conquered the capital city of Sanaa and deposed the internationally recognized government in the year 2014 (Brandt). This action substantially aggravated the tensions that were already present in Yemen at the time. In response, the Arab coalition, which is led by Saudi Arabia, has been seeking to reinstate the previous administration and has been rejecting what is believed to be Iranian assistance for the Houthis. Since then, a deadly conflict has broken out in Yemen (Al-Mekhlafi). Problem Statement It is crucial to recognize the connection between local conflicts and global humanitarian crises in order to understand the dynamics at play in Yemen and other countries struggling with instability. The relationship between war and humanitarian crises has been disregarded despite the fact that substantial research has been done on both topics (Al-Mekhlafi). This study investigates the violence in Yemen to ascertain how Yemen's internal unrest affects humanitarian efforts.

Scope & Limitations The goal of this qualitative research is to better understand how the war in Yemen has exacerbated the country's humanitarian crisis. The study's time frame will be from 2014 to the present, a crucial window for analyzing the conflict's evolution and ramifications. Through a process called as secondary research, we will gather an in-depth grasp of the topic by analyzing already published literature, reports, government papers, and scholarly publications. Recent events may not be fully recorded in the secondary data due to the fluid and dynamic nature of conflicts, but it is important to note that this is a limitation of the data that is accessible. Justification / Benefits Using the conflict in Yemen as a case study, the paper provides insight on the complexities of domestic conflicts that lead to humanitarian catastrophes, which makes the work relevant. By analyzing the current situation in Yemen, the study will illuminate the mechanisms that elevate a local war to a global tragedy. Governments, humanitarian groups, and international organizations need a deep understanding of the root causes of crises if they are to be effective in resolving conflicts, fostering peace, and delivering humanitarian help (Elayah et al.). Research Questions The following is the primary inquiry that will be investigated in this research: "What are the main factors influencing the connection between the internal conflict in Yemen and the growing humanitarian crisis?"

Literature Review Overview of Yemen Conflict The political, economic, and social problems that Yemen is facing have been building up for quite some time, and all three of these problems have played a role in the current crisis (Hill). Yemen's president, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, was pushed into exile and compelled to leave the nation in 2014 when terrorists who identified themselves as Zaidi Shia Muslims stormed Sanaa, the capital city (Elayah et al.). The governments of Saudi Arabia and other Gulf states were among the first to dispatch troops to the area to support the government when conflict broke out in 2014 (Edwards). Humanitarian Crises: Dimensions and Challenges The current state of affairs in Yemen offers as a prime illustration of how a local issue may swiftly become a global issue. It is frequently believed that Yemen's political instability is directly to blame for the country's ongoing civil strife (Kleemann). Many innocent people have been killed as a result of the airstrikes and armed conflict, and vital services like food distribution, water filtering, and medical treatment have all been negatively impacted (Hill). Because of the destruction of these facilities, millions of Yemenis no longer have access to healthcare or educational opportunities Orkaby (“Beyond the Arab Cold War: The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-68”). This has made an already difficult situation even more difficult for a population that was already struggling. As a direct consequence of the rise in violent crime, millions of people have been compelled to abandon their homes, and the majority of these individuals have sought refuge in overcrowded refugee camps or improvised settlements (Juneau).

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Causes and Effects of the War in Yemen The impact of political instability on the development of the war; the function of sectarian tensions; and the engagement of regional and international actors are few of the causes of the war (Sharp). The circumstances surrounding the many violations of human rights and humanitarian law that occurred throughout the conflict was one of the most severe effect of the civil war in Yemen. In addition, the difficulties that humanitarian organizations confront in delivering aid to individuals who are in need despite the continuation of conflicts and other political issues were the prominent effect caused by it (Sharp). Gaps in the Literature There have been a lot of studies done on the humanitarian effects of the conflict in Yemen, but there are still a lot of questions. Despite the ongoing humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen, there is a shortage of research on conflict resolution and rebuilding strategies. Humanitarian repercussions of the conflict have been the primary focus of previous research, giving little to no clues as to how to effectively handle the conflict and promote peace in the region. Additional research on the possibility of conflict resolution and peacebuilding in the midst of the crisis may be necessary if it is to be considered a viable strategy for addressing these shortcomings. In light of the ongoing conflict and humanitarian crisis in Yemen, the goal of this study is to fill in some of the informational gaps that have been identified. Hypothesis (es) The assessment of previous research that was done for this study, as well as the information gaps that were found, served as the basis for these hypotheses. H1: The rising humanitarian crisis in Yemen is correlated with an increase in domestic violence in that country.

H2: Because regional and international entities are taking part in the conflict, the humanitarian situation for Yemen's civilian population is much worse. Conceptual Framework (Variables) This research will employ a conceptual framework built from a variety of theoretical perspectives to look into how domestic civil strife is linked to disasters on a global scale. First, there is the "Conflict Escalation Model," which suggests that factors such as political instability, socioeconomic disparity, and external participation are among those that might lead to the development of conflicts beyond their initial, confined contexts and into more widespread violent clashes (Salisbury). Understanding humanitarian crises in Yemen requires knowledge of the events leading up to them (Orkaby, “The Yemeni Civil War: The Final British–Egyptian Imperial Battleground”). This study's theoretical framework will be the "Human Security Approach," which emphasizes people's perceptions of security. This viewpoint illuminates a number of risks to human security, including conflict, starvation, substandard housing, restricted access to healthcare, and insufficient educational opportunities. To properly comprehend the magnitude of the calamity that has befallen Yemen, the "Complex Emergency Framework" will be applied. Humanitarian crises can stem from a variety of factors, such as conflict, population shifts, unstable economies, and natural disasters. Applying this lens to Yemen, we gain insight into the country's current humanitarian dilemma (Zaid et al.). The literature review concludes with a discussion of the link between domestic civil wars and international humanitarian disasters, particularly as it pertains to the current situation in Yemen. This study aims to improve our understanding of the intricacies of conflicts and the devasting impacts that they have on civilian populations by filling in knowledge gaps, adopting a conceptual framework that is based on relevant theoretical methodologies, and adopting relevant

theoretical methodology. Next, we will talk about the approach that will be utilized to fill in the blanks and answer the research question, as well as the analysis of the data that will be performed (Zaid et al.). Research Methodology Research Design This study will use the qualitative examination. Qualitative research, which delves deeply into the experiences, perspectives, and circumstances of the individuals being investigated, is required if one is to gain an understanding of the intricate and varied processes underlying social phenomena. This qualitative analysis will be conducted with the goal of gaining a deeper understanding of the circumstances that led to the crisis in Yemen and the effect that it has had on humanitarian efforts in that country. Research Approach In the course of this research, both the literature and the documented record of the humanitarian repercussions of the conflict in Yemen will be utilized. To get as much information as possible regarding the battle for this analysis, scholarly articles, official reports, publications from NGOs, news items, and other secondary sources will be used. Purposive sampling will be done to determine which sources are the most pertinent and instructive in light of the magnitude and complexity of the situation in Yemen and the effects it is having on the humanitarian community. The studies that will be considered in this study are from 2014 up till the present day. The worsening of the humanitarian crisis in Yemen over the course of this period provides a background that is essential for comprehending the current situation.

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Data Collection Data Types This research will make use of secondary sources, such as books, journals, papers, and articles that have previously been written about the conflict in Yemen and its effects on the country's civilian population. The historical context, the investigation of the circumstances that led to the war, the humanitarian assessments, and the accounts from affected communities are some of the many insights that will be provided by these sources. Data Instruments This qualitative secondary study relied heavily on the utilization of academic databases, digital libraries, and the websites of respected organizations to collect the majority of its data. In the scientific study and reporting that can be found on these websites, the human costs that have been incurred as a result of the crisis in Yemen will be investigated from a wide variety of angles. Data Sources A comprehensive search of JSTOR, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and other academic databases will be conducted to look for publications and research papers on the humanitarian repercussions of the situation in Yemen that have been examined by experts in the field. Governmental authorities on both the international and national levels have compiled reports that provide an analysis of the impact that the conflict has had on humanitarian assistance efforts and the populations of civilians who are not directly involved in the war. Evaluations of the situation made by humanitarian organizations and suggestions for meeting humanitarian needs are based on the organizations' experiences working on the ground and documented in various reports and publications.

Plan of Data Analysis The information collected will be subjected to a thorough qualitative data analysis. Using thematic analysis, recurring ideas and insights that shed light on the problem under investigation will be identified. Data will be collected, processed, and analyzed to establish causal relationships between internal conflict dynamics and ensuing humanitarian catastrophes. Validity, Reliability, and Ethical Considerations Validity and Reliability As this study is based on secondary research, its success is highly dependent on the reliability and validity of the sources that were used to compile the information. To reduce the potential for bias and inaccurate results, the research will solely be drawn from reliable sources such as scholarly journals, government reports, and publications from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Ethical Considerations Provided that this is a secondary research endeavour, one of the most important ethical considerations is making sure that proper credit is provided when credit is due. The research needs to make use of standard citation forms for every single work that it referenced. Proposal Summary Using the current predicament in Yemen as a case study, the purpose of this research proposal is to investigate the relationship between internal conflict and humanitarian disasters. The major objective of the study is to shed light on how the ongoing conflict in Yemen has exacerbated a humanitarian crisis that was already dire, to uncover the fundamental variables at play, and to give policymakers and aid organizations concrete recommendations for how to

proceed moving forward. The results of this research will contribute new knowledge to the fields of conflict studies and humanitarian interventions, which will, in the long run, make it easier to bring about resolutions to conflicts and strengthen peace. Time Line To complete the study, we will first analyze the already published material, and then we will collect information from reliable sources. The findings will be synthesized using data analysis, and a report will be written so that the findings of the study may be communicated to the appropriate parties. To keep track of our development and make certain that we will fulfil the target date, we will meticulously detail each of these steps. Throughout the stages of data processing, interpretation, and discussion, checkpoints will be established to ensure a smooth presentation of the study's findings and suggestions. Works Cited Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. “Yemen in a Time of Cholera: Current Situation and Challenges.” The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , vol. 98, no. 6, 6 June 2018, pp. 1558–1562, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0811. Brandt, Marieke. Tribes and Politics in Yemen: A History of the Houthi Conflict . Google Books , Oxford University Press, 2017, books.google.com/books? hl=en&lr=&id=0WhNDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=yemen+civil+war&ots=UEE mV5fDfT&sig=ytAmRny3fBsQowuS_tHQI8CF9yE. Accessed 25 July 2023.

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Edwards, Aaron. “Yemen: Civil War and Humanitarian Catastrophe.” Political Insight , vol. 10, no. 2, 17 May 2019, pp. 14–16, https://doi.org/10.1177/2041905819854310. Elayah, Moosa, et al. “National Dialogues as an Interruption of Civil War – the Case of Yemen.” Peacebuilding , vol. 8, no. 1, 2 Oct. 2018, pp. 98–117, https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2018.1517964. Hill, Ginny. Yemen Endures: Civil War, Saudi Adventurism and the Future of Arabia . Google Books , Oxford University Press, 2017, books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=- k0rDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=yemen+civil+war&ots=SMPCSD8GPz&sig=XJ SmHgGRluoWMtsyi9mn4hE0yhg. Accessed 25 July 2023. Juneau, Thomas. “Iran’s Policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A Limited Return on a Modest Investment.” International Affairs , vol. 92, no. 3, 1 May 2016, pp. 647–663, academic.oup.com/ia/article-abstract/92/3/647/2326947, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468- 2346.12599. Kleemann, Steven. “The Forgotten War: Yemen.” Staat, Recht Und Politik – Forschungs- Und Diskussionspapiere , no. 8, 2019, publishup.uni- potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/43071, https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup- 43071. Orkaby, Asher. Beyond the Arab Cold War: The International History of the Yemen Civil War, 1962-68 . Google Books , Oxford University Press, 2017, books.google.com/books? hl=en&lr=&id=oZTJDgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=yemen+civil+war&ots=5_j673 DVFf&sig=g0LpNv3tFg94R_lZUBLRA-Kpv6c. Accessed 25 July 2023.

---. “The Yemeni Civil War: The Final British–Egyptian Imperial Battleground.” Middle Eastern Studies , vol. 51, no. 2, 26 Sept. 2014, pp. 195–207, https://doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2014.942647. Salisbury, Peter. “Yemen: National Chaos, Local Order.” Policycommons.net , 20 Dec. 2017, policycommons.net/artifacts/613621/yemen/1593696/. Sharp, Jeremy. Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention . 2019. Zaid, Sumaia Mohammed, et al. “Psychologists’ Perspective of Mental Health in Yemen during the Civil War and COVID-19: A Qualitative Inquiry.” Current Psychology , 14 Oct. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03617-7.

Yemen Porposal Fina

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