Order #8434960038 Q1.edited

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Nairobi Institute Of Business Studies *

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1 Question 1: Cultural Models Student’s Name Department and University Course Code and Name Professor’s Name Date of Submission

2 Question 1: Cultural Models A. Gelfand Cultural Model Michele Gelfand proposed a cultural model built on countries' social norms. The core idea of the theory is based on the argument that social norms are the foundations that unlock societal order, including the possibility of developing human society. The model also suggests that if people do not abide by socially expected conventions, it is likely that their behavior will be unbearable and unpredictable. The Gelfand model suggests the existence of tight and loose cultures, differentiated by how people ascribe to social norms. Precisely, tight cultures, depicted in countries such as Japan, China, and Singapore, everyone is expected to stick to particular conventions that define appropriate behavior. Any deviations from the norms are considered inappropriate and could be unbearable, explaining why compliance is the only way. Contrarily, while loose cultures, such as the United States, may also have a few norms, there are no tight compliance regulations, suggesting that people can choose what they do with little or no adverse consequences. B. The New Cultural Model Discussed in Class The archetypal cultural model has several significant characteristics, including shared values among people and groups. This feature is similar to other cultural models because it insists on having a set of shared beliefs and practices among people. However, the difference lies in the fact archetypal cultures are not limited to a particular nation. Instead, it defines a cultural situation in which people from different countries and nations blend into each other because of the similarities in their beliefs. Therefore, the archetypical cultural model is the basis of justifying why nations and regions of the world could have mosaic cultures where their people are diverse and multicultural (cultural pluralism). In many ways, the new model underpins a

3 universal culture in which people strive to adapt to new norms while maintaining their traditional values.

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