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1 Research Paper Outline- Abortion Activism (Pro-life Movement) Name Institution Affiliation Instructor Course Date of Submission

2 Research Paper Outline- Abortion Activism (Pro-life Movement) Q1. The name of the movement is the Pro-life Movement manifested in The Texas Heartbeat Act, which forbids abortions beyond the sixth week of pregnancy on the grounds that fetuses are human beings, that they may cause the mother medical complications, and that abortion is murder. After the detection of embryonic activity, which typically happens between weeks six and twelve of pregnancy, abortion becomes banned under this legislation (Najmabadi, 2021). Since there is so strong support for making abortion illegal, it is clear that this issue is an engine for social change. Q2 . It all started when certain abortion clinics in Texas started turning away new patients, prompting the state to adopt the Texas Heartbeat Act (Griffey, 2021). Given its emphasis on pregnant women contemplating abortion and its impact on Texans in particular, the Pro-life Movement is classified as an Alternative Social Movement in Aberle's chart (Najmabadi, 2021). Jay Weinstein identifies four stages—emergence, coalescence, bureaucratization, and decline—in the life cycle of a movement. Q3. The Texas Heartbeat Act, which is a pro-life movement, would be categorized as an alternative social movement using Aberle's chart. Aberle's theory states that ASMs are characterized by their inclination to focus on specific issues or problems that affect certain demography and their aim for gradual change within the existing social order.

3 Q4. During the emergence stage, people became more knowledgeable about the abortion debate and began adopting pro-choice or pro-life stances. The coalescence stage included increasing exposure to pro-life causes through gatherings like the March for Life in Washington, DC (Kitchener et al., 2022). The bureaucratization stage saw the transition from large-scale protests to more formal groups like the Texas Alliance for Life and Texas Right to Life, which are committed to protecting the lives of newborns throughout the state (Ramshaw, 2018). At this point, the movement has established stable institutional frameworks and is no longer dependent on widespread participation. A change in decision-making power may be seen in the passage of the Texas Heartbeat Act, which is indicative of the mainstream stage of decline (Griffey, 2021). Q5. The Texas Heartbeat Act is a symbol of the Pro-life Movement, which has severely polarized society as a whole. This has had negative effects on women's educational opportunities, financial consequences, emotional distress and grief for families, political splintering, and the formation of societal norms surrounding reproductive choices. Q6. The pro-life movement, like the Texas Heartbeat Act, has influenced institutions and molded abortion-related legal frameworks. No matter what the circumstances, families that have abortions endure profound emotional suffering. Women's educational achievement and economic security have suffered as a consequence of the high cost of abortion procedures and the political tensions that followed (Griffey, 2021). The cost of abortion procedures has an impact on both the individual and the economy.

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4 References Griffey, E. (2021, September 1). The "heartbeat bill" is now law, but the fight is far from over. Spectrum News 1 South Texas / El Paso. Retrieved November 17, 2023, from https://spectrumlocalnews.com/tx/south-texas-el-paso/politics/2021/09/01/the--heartbeat- bill--is-now-law--but-the-fight-is-far-from-over Hunt, S. A. (2023). Call Me, Beep Me, If You Want to Reach Me: Utilizing Telemedicine to Expand Abortion Access. Vand. L. Rev., 76, 323. https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4843&context=vlr Najmabadi, S. (2021, September 16). Texas' ban on abortions as early as six weeks becomes law. The Texas Tribune. Retrieved November 17, 2023, from https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/18/texas-heartbeat-bill-abortions-law/ Ramshaw, E. (2018, August 8). Anti-Abortion Groups Disagree on End-of-Life Law. The Texas Tribune. Retrieved November 17, 2023, from https://www.texastribune.org/2011/04/12/anti- abortion-groups-disagree-on-end-of-life-law/ Weinstein, J. (2010). Social change. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers - (Chapters 6 and 7)

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