Equity and Equality In Education - Copy

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Equity and Equality In Education Adam P. Rogers GOV-459 Professor Gabriel Rodriguez 03/17/2024

“Education is the one thing no one can take away from you.” (Elin Nordegren) In the United States, education is always a hot topic of discussion. Whether it is regarding the cost of higher education, or the curriculum being taught in elementary level of school, there are always going to be policies being created or amended within our education system. In a country with fifty individual states with individual governments, it could become problematic for the federal government to regulate every single policy for every single educational institution. This is why every single level of government is responsible for separate areas of educational policy. Between the federal, state, and local governments, every single aspect of education in America is regulated. The federal government, like in other areas of policymaking, handles issues that are more prudent to the masses of civilians. The Department of Education (DOE), created in 1867 was originally tasked with information collection from the schools, for the schools to create and maintain effective school systems. Over the years, the DOE has implemented many policies over the years that have impacted all levels of education throughout the country. In 1917, as an effort to help families during the the Great War (WWI) the Smith-Hughes Act was passed to offer federal aid for vocational education. The George Barden Act was passed at the end of WWII to help aid the education of agriculture, industrial, and home economic training for students in high schools across the country. The passage of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 worked towards establishing and protecting the rights of minorities regarding education. The DOE was established as a Cabinet level agency in 1980 and today services roughly 18,200 school districts, 98,000 public schools, 32,000 private schools with roughly 50 million students (about twice the population of Texas) in America. The department is also responsible for offering loans, grants and assistance to over 12 million students in the postsecondary school systems. “ to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access.” (DOE Mission Statement) State governments are responsible for more specific concerns regarding education, such as infrastructure, maintenance and management of school districts and more. State governments hold local educational agencies accountable for their students' success and achievements. If schools aren't holding up their end of the bargain, and not striving to give a well-rounded and fair education to their students, then there will be a change

initiated by the state government. Another role of state government is to financially support the building, maintenance, and demolition of school grounds. California has the California Department of Education (CDE) responsible for overseeing over 7 million students throughout over 9,000 schools. “ The CDE and the State Superintendent of Public Instruction are responsible for enforcing education law and regulations; and for continuing to reform and improve public elementary school programs, secondary school programs, adult education, some preschool programs, and childcare programs” (CDE.cs.gov) Local governments oversee school districts and school boards. School boards are made up of elected officials and are responsible for ensuring schools maintain standards. School boards are the “management team” of schools. “ The school board represents the community’s voice in public education, providing citizen governance and knowledge of the community’s resources and needs, and board members are the policy-makers closest to the student.” (NSBA.org) Local governments take in all of the policies set forth by state government, account for all regulations set by the federal government and make sure that the schools are running in compliance with everyone. They report directly to state officials/ the community. Because schools are funded by each state separately, it helps citizens have a better understanding of where their tax dollars are going, and thus allows people to help contribute to their own community. The downside to states funding their own schools is that states will have a different budget for education than one another. Different states have different Gross Domestic Products (GDP) and therefore have different budgets that can be allocated. This philosophy may work in other areas of life, but regarding education, children have zero responsibility of funding their K-12 schooling and assume all the risk of being put in the wrong school district. As far as tax dollars are concerned, it would simply reduce the amount of taxes that are collected by the state and move over to amount of taxes that are collected from the federal government. However, then schools would be funded from the same pool, and would not have to consider which state they happen to be located in. Right now, more than ever, schools are more united through technology but have an incredible inequality of quality of education.

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Citation “About School Board and Local Governance.” Home , www.nsba.org/about/about- school-board-and-local-governance#:~:text=The%20school%20board %20sets%20the,the%20schools%20in%20the%20district. Accessed 17 Mar. 2024. “Federal Role in Education.” Home , US Department of Education (ED), 15 June 2021, www2.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html. “Role & Responsibilities.” Role & Responsibilities - Belief & Purpose (CA Dept of Education) , www.cde.ca.gov/eo/mn/rr/index.asp#:~:text=The%20CDE %20and%20the%20State,programs%2C%20and%20child%20care %20programs. Accessed 17 Mar. 2024.

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