Buddhism Intro - Footprint of Buddha questions

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2021-04-26 Introduction to Buddhism Student Discussion Questions Video: “Footprint of the Buddha” (BBC series The Long Search; 1977), 54 min.; Narrated by Ryonald Eyre, Informant: Ananda Maitreya; Statues at Polannaruwa, Dambulla cave monastery. 1. Does following the noble eight-fold path always guarantee reaching nirvana? 2. If not a god or the buddha, who do followers of buddhism consult for immediate, everyday troubles? 1. Elaborate more on Buddhism's solution to 'man's problem' (the inevitability of change) and how this solution encompasses the Buddha's teachings. 2. Based on the video, can a man who doesn't love himself love other's? Why is this the case? 1. Why is it that there are no ordained nuns at all in Sri Lanka and how does this affect society? 2. What does it mean to be possessed by good spirits and how do the priests confirm so? 1. For some societies having a family and passing down the family name for generations is a major part of reproducing. However, in the Buddhism religion, families will often send their child to a monastery and are taught the refraining of sexual activity. What is more important to a Buddhist family, bringing merit to the family name or passing down their family name for generations?

2. If nirvana is unexplainable amongst Buddhist’s and only what can be said is everything that nirvana is not, then how does one know when they have reached nirvana? For instance, it is said that to reach nirvana one must complete the 8-fold path, but after this has been completed how does one know there in a state of nirvana? 1. During the ordination of the novice child, the parents eventually bow down to the child despite the age difference due to the child being "higher" spiritually. What does a higher spiritual "rank" mean and does seniority play a factor or what would impact this spiritual level? Would the children who learned Pali and Sanskrit quickly be considered at a higher spiritual level? 2. There was a moment where there were women performing a ritual that involved them being possessed by "good" spirits or gods. It is proclaimed later that they were more respected and their words would be taken more seriously. Why would this be in the case? Does it involve precedent from Buddhist scriptures or precedent from tradition? 1. We have learned about the Buddha's experience with enlightenment, but how will a Buddhist know when they have achieved enlightenment or are on the cusp of enlightenment? Is it a gradual build up to sudden enlightenment or an explosive rebirth (how does a person know they are truly out of the Matrix)? 2. In order for a person to achieve enlightenment, they must spend many lifetimes perfecting their minds and following the 8-fold path. Will normal people (those that have to work to live and do not have all day to meditate and pray) take much longer than the monks or rich people with servants to achieve enlightenment because there is no one to provide for them, so they cannot spend all day, everyday training? The Buddha was reborn as a rich and powerful man in every lifetime. If normal people do not have this luxury, how can they attain enlightenment? (p.s. if you are a devout Buddhist will you always be reincarnated into a higher human status with each lifetime?) 1. Near the beginning of the video, a boy begins his path to becoming a monk. Given the readings in class as well as the lectures, how does this illustrate the way Buddhism views the capabilities of the youth? 2. Meditation is discussed near the end of the video. How does meditation corroborate the Four Noble Truths with respect to the values that underlie them? 1. The documentary said that the narrator felt that given the choice, he thought that his Buddhist ‘teacher’ would prefer live teachings to a “dead relic” (9:05). However, many Buddhists might place more importance on visiting sacred landmarks. How do these differences in relative importances vary between different regions, sects or followers of Buddhism?

2. It says that the young boy who became a monk has the option to “de-robe”, or change his mind at any point in life. I was wondering, if you do make the choice to leave life as a monk, will you ever be able to rejoin? 1. How are Caucasian members of the saṃgha who have traveled from North America or Europe viewed by the lay community? Are they viewed or treated differently? Might the answer to this question vary depending on the geographic region? 2. Is there any reason why Buddhist leaders and traditions would, by principle, reject the opportunity to be featured in an English documentary production such as “Footprint of the Buddha-India”? 1. The video compared the monks and laity to a football team and its town. It described the monks as being trapped. Why does the clergy (monastic sangha) follow a set of strict guidelines whereas the followers have more relaxed rules? 2. Buddhism accounts for followers to believe in gods and to pray to them with petitions. What stance do Buddhist monks typically hold to people who go to gods instead of the clergy for advice? How does the clergy feel about people claiming to be possessed by good spirits? 1. The narrator talks about how people who want immediate benefits/help go to religions with gods, whereas Buddhism focuses on attaining the truth to attain nirvana. Is Buddhism exclusionary in its requirements/principles or is it inclusive with its generalizable eight-fold path? 2. Bikkhus have requirements such as refraining from eating past noon. The Buddha stated the path to enlightenment was a middle way between austerity and luxury. Are Bikkhu's subjected to a life of austerity and is it reasonable to expect people to put themselves through such a life to attain enlightenment? 1. What is the religious significance of having older monks not eat after midday, handling silver and gold, and other practices that they must follow? 2. In the past, the Buddhist religion has not been very inclusive for women as seen through the documentary as having no active nuns but having 15 thousand active priests. How has this perception changed, and what is helped cause this change if any? 1. In this video we saw that the people bowed to their elders as a sign of respect, and that seniority was not a bad thing in this community. Why do you think they value knowledge and

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wisdom over physical function? 2. What was the importance of the boy holding a bit of his hair as they shaved down his head? 1. When the video covered the topic of the laymen donating food to the begging monks, it mentioned that the purpose of this action was to line themselves up for a better rebirth. The way this is phrased, it seems like it implies that there is some type of mental or even physical continuity between lifes? But in Buddhism, there is no sense of a self, no sense of an unchanging person that would feel the ramifications of a worse/better rebirth. So my question is, why should the laymen, or anyone in this regard, care about "their" next rebirth, if the next life has nothing to do with them. 2. The video mentions an instance where two children at a very young age were able to chant Sanskrit and Pali. The local belief surrounding these children, was that they were reborn from two Tibetan monks in India. The implication is, that these children somehow remembered languages from previous lives. How is this possible, if there is a complete dissolution of mind and body at the end of one's life? Continuity of memory between lives seems to implicate that there is some sense of a self that can span across multiple lives. 1. Is it truly possible to eliminate distractions and live a completely simple life? 2. Why are monks not allowed to eat after noon, and couldn't their hunger interfere with focused meditation? 1. Based on the Theravada Buddhist values introduced in the video, what are the differences between teachings of the Theravada school and Mahayana school? 2. How does the process of ritual initiation into the Sangha reflect Buddhist teachings? ======== 1. In the film, a young boy became a novice at the perfect astrological moment when his mind and confidence was high. Do you think Buddhism coincides with astrology? 2. One of the monks said that being praiseworthy is dependent on one's motive. Do you think Buddhists would be praiseworthy if they had the right intentions and motives but the wrong execution?

1. What is the Buddhist definition of suffering meant to convey? 2. What does the practice of self-love entail for a Buddhist? 1. Does Buddhist text directly address the idea of Buddhist figures being politically powerful? The video mentioned something about humbling themselves by being at the mercy of lay- people's donations. This made me wonder about the contradiction there may be about holding a position of government related power. 2. Are these communities that they visit homogeneous, or is there a diversity of religion in areas as well? Do Buddhists have any specific teachings regarding alternative religions? 1. What social responsibility does Buddhism clergy community take other than a religious organization? In the video, when parents send their child to the temple to study Buddhism, does it mean Buddhists take at least some partial responsibility of education in society? 2. Is Buddhist monks' using of umbrellas a resemblance of "middle way?"(You want to practice the power of restraint but you don't want to go extreme of hurting yourself) 1. In the documentary it discussed how earthly desires are not to be asked from the Buddha, so followers look to the Gods for this. Does doing this go against Buddhist practices and teachings? Although Buddhism isn't a theistic religion, can it have these aspects incorporated into it? 2. Lastly, they talked about depending on yourself and not depending on external spiritual factors to help you. In that sense, how does one take refuge in the Buddha then? And in the Sangha? 1. One of the things in the video was that you are not supposed to ask the buddha for help in

doing any tasks. Does this mean that the buddha doesn't do anything but meditate? 2. Another question I had is the context of how the monks are begging for food. In our society, beggars and homeless are looked down upon. In those cultures are they revered or thought of as spiritually higher than other people? 1. From the Buddhist perspective, is pride considered something that causes suffering? If so, how? 2. From the Buddhist perspective, why is it impossible to love others if you cannot love yourself? 1. Western religious practice emphasizes one god and one church. How can an account of Buddhism through this lens provide relevant information that is central to Buddhism? 2. In what ways are Eyre's overgeneralizations about Buddhism useful for an introductory course about Buddhism, like ours? 1. After the boy became a monk, his parents bowed to him. What does this reflect about Buddhism, and how can this relate to the statue in the beginning of the video? 2. Why should we not ask the Buddha for help with money? 1. What is the concept of praying in Buddhism? How do you pray, and what is the best way to pray? 2. Is devoting your entire life and lifestyle to the Buddha the most correct way of being a Buddhist? Is there an exact correct way of being a Buddhist? 1. How accepting are monks to individuals/laypeople who desire to join communities such as the one shown in the Buddhism: Footprint of the Buddha video? 2. Are there no ordained nuns in Sri Lanka at the time of this video (1977) because of the hesitancy that the Buddha had in allowing women to be his disciples (hesitancy emphasized in lecture with a discussion of Mahāprajāpatī)? 1. What moves have been made to re-establish nuns in Sri Lanka?

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2. How are local gods perceived by Buddhism in areas outside Sri Lanka and India? 1. I am curious about the view of the Buddha by Buddhist followers and monks. In the video, they mention that the Buddha is not supernatural which I find difficult to understand in combination with the stories of the Buddha performing miracles, such as with the Kassapa brothers. How is it that Buddhism balances these two portraits of the Buddha? 2. How does not praising a singular, unchanging God affect Buddhist practices and beliefs? 1. When Ronald Eyre was given a lesson at how to look at a statue of the Buddha I was surprised as to how many things you can learn by just looking at a statue and how much it can teach you. The monk that Eyre was interviewing told him how the statue of the Buddha teaches you on Control of eyes, control of mouth, control of physical activities etc... The entire statue demonstrates different forms of restraint on parts of the body, and mentioned how the statue is a sort of invitation to imitate the buddha, and in a way the dharma is there. In regard to this, a question that comes to mind is if this same information applies to all statues of the Buddha in different countries, does every statue have a meaning such as this or are they more like art pieces to admire? 2. A monk told Ronald Eyre that with earthly thoughts you cannot think nirvana. From nirvana you cannot think an earthly thought. Don't look at the Buddha for help, look at them for truth. Now if this is the case then how do people make depictions or definitions of Nirvana if they cannot comprehend it? How do they know that there is no suffering, desire or sense of self if they have never experienced it? 1. The gifting procession during the Rain Retreat occurred at around 2 AM in the video, and the Rain Retreat happens during monsoon season. Do certain Buddhist traditions have to occur at specific times or days, and if so, what are some other examples? 2. At what point would a person decide to become a novice monk, and would there be cases where people would be rejected from becoming a monk or a nun? 1. The host asks insensitive questions and makes equally insensitive remarks and I cannot help but feel like his tone insinuates airs of being better than Buddhists. Why would an educational video allow a host to be anything but impartial and respectful when discussing a culture that the host himself has not experienced? Was this video just a product of its time? Did the BBC consider the implications of airing the more insensitive parts of this program?

2. I find it interesting how the host explains Buddhist concepts (ex. when he describes a Buddhist temple, how he describes suffering, etc.) through a British lens. This lens seems narrow though—since this program is geared towards British viewers, why does the host only make references to Christianity? I would think that in the 70's there were other British viewers of the BBC who identified with other religions. My question also extends to some of the projects in this class. How can we better explain foreign or abstract concepts to people in inclusionary ways that they can understand without having experienced it firsthand? ======== 1. What is the importance of meditation and reflection in Buddhist practices? 2. How do the five precepts shape the perspective on eating and abstaining from certain foods? 1. How has the views of Buddhism changed from the time of the video to modern times? Did it evolve? 2. How do the Buddhists in the video view the society as it was then? How would they view it now? 1. If the Buddha has left the physical world in his final life & Buddhists don't believe in the supernatural (the monk described it as "natural and extraordinary"), what does this mean concerning the monks trying to find the truth like the Buddha if the earthly form of the buddha is gone? Like what would happen/was there ever someone who achieved enlightenment?

2. Concerning the clinging metaphor, is the Buddhist solution to not 'cling' because there isn’t anything solid/unchanging enough to cling on to, or is it letting go? If it's the latter, what is “letting go”? And how is it different from not clinging? 1. The documentary highlighted both monks and novices and went into depth about the rules and sacrifices these males make in order to comply with the Buddhist traditions. It made me wonder what it must be like in their shoes and reflect on what things I would miss most from my current life. Would you rather enter the Buddhist society as a novice, where you are too young to experience the world and are oblivious to what you are missing out on, or later as an adult, where you have had the opportunity to enjoy such luxuries but are now may be tempted to leave the temple for such cravings, and why? 2. Consider the hypothetical question posed by the narrator: is it more praiseworthy to meditate or go out and serve society? Which acts of service could monks carry out in order to most benefit their society? For example, would you find physical acts of service or the spreading knowledge and teachings to be most praiseworthy? 1. In what situations is a monk who meditated all day better than a monk who begged for food all day? 2. What is the purpose of gift-giving to a new novice monk? 1. The Buddhist laymen and Buddhist monks in Sri Lanka seem to believe in very different forms of Buddhism. For example, at one point in the documentary, we see that the laymen were “approaching Gods for favors.” Does this difference exist in other regions of the world as well? 2. How accurate is the analogy which says that the relationship between monks and laymen is similar to the relationship between football players and fans? 1. How are the lay people and monks interdependent on each other? Can one group function without the other? 2. In the film, the American monk details that the process of becoming a monk begins with investigating and understanding oneself followed by eliminating oneself. How does this process support the concept of non self and impermanence?

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1. Do you think the Buddha's own unfortunate experiences as a young child have any influence on his view of the world and teachings of Buddhism? 2. In the video, one of the Buddhist monks states that "If a man cannot love himself, he will never love other people." Is this statement true according to Buddhist beliefs/traditions? Do you agree? 1. At 34:34 in the video, a monk states "First you have to find out who you are as yourself, then you can get about the business of eliminating yourself." Where else, in Buddhism, do we see this concept? What is the importance of "eliminating yourself"? 2. What is the significance of mentioning nirvana in Buddhist practice if it cannot be explained or described? 1. How are children influenced/nolded in school with Buddhist teachings? 2. What is the relationship between change and the Buddhist definition of suffering? 1. During minute ten it is mentioned that it is customary to make, "the name of your birthplace as part of your permanent label" what is the significance of this ? 2. I found it interesting as a Bhikku the only food after 12 they ate was food they begged for and how this will ensure a better rebirth. In this case if "giving is the way to gain inner wisdom", that would relate to the people giving the food so my question is: in what ways are the monks giving in this situation ? ======== At around 25 minutes into the film, there is a monk having a conversation regarding self love with the interviewer. The monk states that a person who does not love themselves cannot love others. My discussion questions revolve around this scene and they are:

1. How would he or any other monk explain this using Buddhist reasoning and teachings? Why can one not love others without loving themselves and what specific teachings does this conclusion stem from? 2. How does the perception of self love vary between different types of Buddhists? 1. The Buddha is not a God; to what extent does the Buddha and “worship” and conceptions of the Buddha share similarities with worship of Gods with other religions? What is the defining difference between the practices/conceptions? Is there a trend towards theism over time? Can enlightenment be achieved without the Buddha? 2. In the video, a child is ordained as a novice and his parents bow to him. How do you characterize the relationship between Buddhist lay people and Buddhist monks? Is this relationship similar across cultures in modern day? How do you characterize the relationship between lay people, monks and ascetics? 1. How is the commentators discussion of suffering similar/different from how we have discussed suffering in class? 2. What aspects of Buddhist culture in Sri Lanka seemed different from your expectations based on the lectures and readings? 1. In Buddhist schools, love, tolerance, respect, and equality. Are these innate Buddhist ideals/teachings or have they begun to be more emphasized over time within their school system? 2. What is the system of being ordained in the Buddhist church? 1. Is it better to cultivate one’s mind through meditation or go serve by helping people? 2. If one cannot describe Nirvana, how does one know when they have reached it?

1. How long does it take for monks to adjust to their buddhist lifestyles when they convert from normal everyday life? How do they maintain their mindset and state of living? 2. Do Buddhist portray different aspects of their religion to foreigners than to people of their religion or natives? 1. How does the core value of Buddhism, to be dependent on oneself and to not expect help from a spiritual figure, fit into the nature of religion? This notion seems antithetical to the core idea of religion as a whole. 2. How does one’s love for himself determine and influence his love for others? 1. How does the story of the partridge, monkey, and elephant align with what we know about the past lives of the Buddha and how it upholds traits that the Buddha must perfect before becoming a Buddha? 2. How might the fact that the English man narrating being told he must have done something wrong in his past life in order to have been born as an English, Christian man align with what we discussed in class about heavens and hells? Why might this rebirth be deemed as negative? 1. How do Buddhists start studying the sutras, from their ordination to more advanced study? 2. What is the difference in beliefs of monks who seclude themselves in the forests and other monks? 1. While Ronald Eyre is speaking with a Buddhist woman, Eyre asks her if she believes he’s done something wrong in his former life because he was born as a Christian. The woman replies that he “must have done something bad” in order to have been born into this life. After asking this woman if there is still hope for him, the woman states that there is indeed hope so as long as he exercises a “life that is preferred now” and gets onto “the right path.” Based on this conversation, could it be said that in order for one to be born into the “correct” life, they must be born as a Buddhist (follower of the Buddha)? Does being born into a religion other than Buddhism mean that one has done something bad in their past lives? If so, is it possible for one to recognize or know what they have previously done wrong so that they could change the

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outcome of their future life, or rebirth? 2. Towards the end of the video, Ronald Eyre interviews a newly-ordained American monk who explains that the reason one gives up, or renounces things is so that “you don’t have too many things around you to distract you from what you should be doing, which is investigating yourself.” According to the monk, in order to do this, one must first find out who they are as themselves. From here, one can then go about eliminating themselves. With this in mind, how exactly might one go about investigating and eliminating themselves? What are the steps one should take to accomplish these two practices? From a Buddhist standpoint, what does it mean to investigate oneself and how might this process help one gain a deeper understanding of Buddhism’s core teachings? 1. What is the cultural significance of having 2 sets of doctrines -- 1 for lay people and another for the clergy? 2. The documentary heavily focused on the cultural and local implications of Buddhism. What are some of the lasting effects that the tradition has had on politics and economics at the broader level? ======== 1. Is there really nothing anywhere that is solid enough to cling to? (In the metaphorical sense of course.) 2. How can someone say that ones life is more karmically good than another when this seems like a subjective judgement? (Context: the women in the video was saying that the man born a Christian did something wrong in his past life). 1. How did Theravada Buddhism become the predominant school of Buddhism in Sri Lanka? As an extension of that, how is it that there is not more incorporation / mixing of ideas from different schools... or I guess, more variability among interpretation and belief among people living in the same geographical regions? 2. An idea covered in this by Ronald Eyre is the idea of letting go of things... clinging to nothing as there is nothing physical to cling to. This is very much in line with the story of the Buddha in terms of practicing the perfection of giving, however, does Buddhism truly prioritize this over personal well-being, or is the pursuit of awakening and nirvana triumphant over, I guess, worldly being?

1. What are the benefits and/or detriments to having temples set up in a narrative type of way (telling the story of the Buddha), instead of having an altar as seen in charaiantiry and their churches? 2. Does geography/culture affect someone's explanation of Buddhism in a nutshell? 1. Why do Buddhists believe that those born outside of the faith are being punished for their past lives? Is their life redeemable? 2. Can one properly practice Buddhism without asceticism? 1. Why is the sculpture of the Buddha very tall? 2. Are the novices the ones who express interest in Buddhism or are their parents the ones that encourage them to become monks? 1. If a family/house refuses to provide food for the monks, does that count as bad karma that disturbs the spiritual rebirth? What if the reasons are genuine? 2. As the monk says, “in order to love others you need to love yourself”, how does one execute such an action if Buddhism is based on sharing merit? 1. In the video we saw a monk using a typewriter, and we heard that a monk owned books in his house. Is this consistent or contradictory with what we have learned so far? 2. In Sri Lanka, at least during the time of the film, the film tells us that there were 15,000 monks, while 0 nuns, even with the fact that nuns are allowed. What could be a possible explanation?

1. The monks in Sri Lanka relied heavily on the alms in their community. Are there such examples of monks in the west that successfully live on the charity of their community, or does the model not work because the Buddhist way of life is not as widespread in western communities? 2. This video demonstrates the importance of community in the Sri Lankan Buddhist community, but Gethin’s text seems to frame it as an individual journey. Is it possible to practice Buddhism alone, without monks guiding you? 1. Throughout the documentary, it is insisted that Buddha is not God, nor a divine or holy figure but that he is a man. However, if he is not God, why do people worship him? How does buddhist worshipping differ from other religious traditions? 2.The Monk says "the whole world is a mass of vibrations". While other buddhist traditions and teachings could be questioned by scientific beliefs, this belief was actually one of Einstein's beliefs as well. He said "Everything in life is a vibration". I was wondering, how could that statement be explained in a buddhist point of view? what about a scientific context? 1. In the middle of the video, one monk talked about the importance of self-love. He expressed the essentialness for love of thy self in order to love others. How might one practice self-love through Buddhist mental cultivation and spiritual rituals? 2. The narrator stated in the video, “One can preach a great sermon without ever opening his mouth.” How is this possible? What is the path to embody these teachings? 1. The video in particular was on Buddhism in Sri Lanka and in the video, it showed some of the Buddhist laity worshiping local gods. I was wondering if other Buddhist traditions also held similar tolerance to worship of other Gods, or is it a select few? 2. In America I rarely see Buddhist monks go door to door begging for food. How does that

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tradition or teaching play out in more industrialized societies? 1. What is the role of simplicity in Buddhism and how exactly does this change in lifestyle strengthen the mind? 2. As mentioned in the video, Buddhism emphasizes a focus on oneself, without external help from the spirit. This being said, is there any body or structure within Buddhism that resembles or is analogous to a traditional monotheistic deity, such as the Christian God? Explain. ======== 1. What's the difference between Buddhism in Sri Lanka and India? Or more specifically, when Buddhism spread from India to other countries, what part has changed? 2. The interviewer in this video is a westerner who couldn't speak the native language. In the video, he asked many questions that compare Buddhism to Christianity. How does this point of view influence the content of the video? 1. The Narrator asks one of the monks “between someone who goes and actively does good for the community, and someone who meditates, who receives praise?” To which the Monk responds “it depends on the motive.” then later when talking to some Laypeople, the narrator asks why she gives food to these people, to which she responds “so that she may do better in her next life”. I guess my question relates to the underlying motivation of the culture — though to reach nirvana you must renounce most things the Western culture cling to for greed and status, is it not the same concept to do good only so that you or your soul may ascend higher in your next life? While it lacks materialism the way modern society embraces it, when put this way Buddhism similarly seems selfish. Both actively doing good or to meditating can both be motivated by ta desire for the greater good for the community, yet this is still ultimately for your own benefit. So what motive is the right motive? The motive that receives praise? 2. My second question is about applicability of the traditional Buddhist lifestyle / the lifestyle of Monks and those who teach the words of the Buddha to both the US as well as the greater Western world. Initially it would seem near impossible to remain nomadic and survive solely on donations for food and sustenance in the US and the EU today. I have a few friends who were raised Buddhist, yet from my understanding their idea of Buddhism is much less extreme. Are

there levels of “commitment” in Buddhism as there are Orthodox, Conservative, Reform in Judaism? or the equivalent in Christianity? If not, how applicable (and how prevalent) is this lifestyle of Buddhism among American culture? 1. When they introduce the novice monk boy, they say how he can leave in the future and no one is going to stop him. I'm wondering how often people actually leave the order of monks? 2. At the end of the video they show a monk slowly walking back and forth. Is that part of his meditation? Is walking meditation a thing?

Buddhism Intro - Footprint of Buddha questions

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