BIBL 331 Final Exam Study Guide_Rev 21

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BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 1 S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I Unit 5 Questions Olson, Chapter 7: Creation In discussing the Christian consensus about creation, Olson brings up the thought of Langdon Gilkey. What are Gilkey’s three ideas about creation? What does Olson believe is necessary to add as a fourth idea about creation to round out the Christian view? 159. What were the doctrines of creation developed by the church fathers against the Gnostics and certain other Greek-inspired philosophies? 161. Olson asserts that the main alternatives to the Christian concept of creation are dualism , monism , and naturalism . Briefly explain these ideas. 166-69. Both ancient Gnosticism and the New Age version of its spiritual philosophy assert a kind of monism, the idea that the universe is made up of spirit. What is the danger that Olson cites with all forms of monism? 168. According to Olson, the evangelical theologian Bernard Ramm developed a middle ground between young earth creationism and theistic evolution. Explain this middle ground. 173. Olson calls on Christians to acknowledge a unitive Christian belief about creation in order that we might stand against a pluralistic culture and other worldviews and religions. What basic idea should form the foundation of a unitive Christian view of creation, according to Olson? 177. Treier, Chapter 6: The Goodness of Creation Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 2 Treier discusses the doctrine of creation ex nihilo, or out of nothing. Against denials that the Bible teaches creation ex nihilo Treier highlights certain ideas. What does Treier state about the Hebrew word bara’ (“created”)? 127. Treier states that the basic claims of the doctrine of creation ex nihilo have Biblical warrant. State the two reasons that Treier says warrant the idea of creation ex nihilo. 127. Treier discusses a number of different world views. What did Christian theology champion against the dualism of gnostic religion? 128. Treier says that the incarnation discloses the triune God’s personal, sovereign interaction with creation. What does this miracle indicate? 131. Treier discuss angels and raises some relevant questions. He then states that angels advance God’s praise and the whole world’s salvation, with special reference to Revelation 4–5. First in this light what were the angels’ Old Testament and New Testament missions? 136. Second, what does God send the angels to do today? 136. According to Treier, how do the adversary and his demons chiefly work? 137. Treier discusses both “ young-earth creationists ” and “ theistic evolutionists. ” How does each one treat science and the Bible? 140. What does recent evangelical scholarship allege about both young-earth creationist “literalism” and altogether “mythical” interpretations? What does Treier offer about Genesis’ original context instead? 141-42. Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 3 In the end, Treier concludes that reading Genesis in relation to modern science will continue to generate questions and tensions. Even so, what does Treier conclude about creation ex nihilo? 146. Oden, Book 1-Chapter 6: God the Creator and Creation Oden asserts that the created order was made ex nihilo. What pantheistic implication does this counteract? 126. What does Oden state are the exegetical/theological views concerning the Hebrew word for “day”? 129. According to Oden, what was God’s purpose for creating the world? 133. The Gnostics and other groups were very anti-materialistic. Why does Oden insist that Christianity is the most materialistic of all religions? 141. Unit 6 Questions Olson chapter 8: Providence Limited and Detailed. At the beginning of this chapter, Olson states that the Scriptures point to an undeniable and powerful Christian consensus about nature and history. State this consensus. 180. Olson notes that Christians have not always believed alike about God’s involvement with sin and evil in history. However, he states that we should recognize each other as brothers. What causes tensions to develop over time and divisions occur on this issue? 181-82. Revised 08/25/2021

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BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 4 What did the Gnostics claim, and the Stoics believe, about God in history? 183-84. According to Olson, what two things did Irenaeus affirm at the same time? 184. Explain what Tertullian taught about God’s sovereignty and God’s will. 184-85. According to Augustine, God’s plan or purpose is never thwarted and never goes awry even if that seems to be the case to finite minds. How does Augustine see the relationship between God and evil? 185. What did Aquinas teach about causation? 185. How did the Zwingli argue about contingency, and what did he conclude about sin and evil? 186. Jacob Arminius strongly affirmed God’s providence. How, then, did he allow for genuine human free will and avoid making God the author of sin? 187. Olson summarizes the Christian consensus in three broad affirmations. State these affirmations. 188. Olson states that process panentheism completely rejects any classical account of divine sovereignty. What is God’s only recourse in this view? 191. Olson states that there are three main interpretations of divine Providence among Christian thinkers. How does Olson describe “meticulous Providence”? 193. Why do critics of meticulous providence reject it? 194. Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 5 How does Olson describe “limited Providence”? 195. How do critics of “limited providence” regard it? 196-97. How does open theism define divine Providence in terms of God’s knowledge and his ability to predict events? 199. Olson argues that open theism is not the same as process panentheism. What three things do open theists affirm that sets them apart from process panentheists? 199. Treier, Chapter 5: The Character of Providence Treier asserts that “God” and “Word of God” are mutually informing concepts. What does this mean for our knowledge of God? 102. Treier states that most Christian theology maintains an “analogical” view of language. He then says that analogical approaches share some concepts with “apophaticism.” What two ideas do analogical and apophatic approaches agree on? 103-04. Treier speaks about God’s power and says that there are two dangers in the way we can see God’s power. State these two dangers. 106. How does Treier define “love”? 108. Under the idea of “holiness” Treier speaks of love and judgment. How does God’s judgment express love toward the creation? 109. Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 6 One aspect of God’s uniqueness is his “immutability.” Treier outlines a “maximal” definition of immutability, and a “more modest” definition. State these two definitions. 112. Treier discusses divine impassibility and notes that traditionalists have responded to the objections to divine impassibility by suggesting that impassibility does not preclude God’s emotional engagement with the world. What two things do traditionalists deny about divine impassibility? 113. Deism, according to Treier, suggests that God has left the world to run on its own through laws of nature alone. It then states that traditional Christians acknowledge something because of the doctrine of creation ex nihilo . What do traditional Christians acknowledge? 114. Treier discusses several Christian models of providence, especially models that describe how the government ( gubernatio ) of God works especially in relationship to human will and freedom. The following questions come from the section. According to “Calvinism, “how does God foreknow everything and how do creaturely wills fit into God’s foreknowledge? 116-17. God foreknows everything by knowing and all-embracing eternal decree. Creatures always do what they do within God’s overall determination. According to Treier, on what does Arminianism focus? 117. According to Treier, what does Arminianism conclude about why God permits evil? 117. Treier notes that Martin Luther criticized medieval scholasticism for understanding God in terms of human ideals (a “theology of Glory”). What does Luther’s “theology of the cross” recognize about God’s power? 121. In discussing a biblical hope, Treier says that God’s providence is personal and so we do not believe in fate. What, then, does the scripture do in regard to resolving the problem of evil? 122. Revised 08/25/2021

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BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 7 Oden, Book 1-Chapter 7: God's Care for the World Explain the three interrelated phases of providence. 143-44. According to Oden, arguments regarding providence in classical Christian thought have hinged largely on several arguments. What are these? 145. Define the four broad levels or spheres of creation in which God’s guiding and governing operate. 152. Olson discusses time. What is the relationship between creation and time, according to Oden? 153. Define the various kinds of divine providence. 163. Unit 7 Questions Olson Chapter 9: Humanity What is the Christian consensus about these three main issues? 202-03. Olson asserts that the Christian tradition up through the era of the Reformers is that humans are essentially good. What does Olson mean when he makes the statement that humans are essentially good? 207. What did the early Church Fathers assume about the Imago Dei? 208. Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 8 Olson discusses the idea of “original sin” or “inherited depravity.” What is the Christian consensus about original sin, according to Olson? 208-09. Reinhold Niebuhr embraced a paradox that Olson associates with “Christian realism.” State this paradox. 213. Olson promotes a Christian Humanism that has three general beliefs. State these beliefs. 213. Olson discusses three visions of humanity that are alternative to the Christian view. The first of these is secular humanism. 214. A second main alternative to Christianity is neo-Gnosticism. Olson states that many Christians cannot distinguish Christian belief in the image of God from neo-Gnostic belief about humanity. What is the Gnostic teaching about the inner man? 217. What does Olson believe is the best possible Christian view of the relationship between the soul in the body? 219. What does the Augustinian-Lutheran-Reformed tradition believe about original sin (and infants)? 220-21. What is the view about original sin that Zwingli taught, now embraced by Anabaptists and Baptists? 221. Explain how otherwise degraded human beings yet have an infinite worth and dignity. 223. Olson offers a “basic, unifying Christian perspective on humanity.” State this perspective. 224. Treier, Chapter 7: Human Beings Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 9 Treier discusses three approaches to the idea of the image of God: the classic approach, the modern approach, and the more “postmodern `approach. First describe what each approach involves. Second, state what “insights” each approach contributes. Third, describe what each one struggles to do. 147-49. Treier mentions how Augustine’s Confessions influenced how we think of the Christian self. According to Augustine how do we identify the Christian self? 151. Trier discusses being a human person in the section on identity in Christ. He states that we know ourselves more truly as we grow in knowing God. What does this mean for our understanding of being a human person? 151-52. How does “holistic dualism” respond to nonreductive physicalism? 154. Treier discusses evil and righteousness and states that any human righteousness depends on divine grace. He then discusses both natural and moral evils. Explain what moral evils go beyond, and what do they then create? 157. According to Treier, what two things do Christians acknowledge in their opposition to abortion and infanticide? 157. Recent theological reflection about disability appeals to Christian traditions of giving hospitality to everyone. However, Treier says that a theology of disability goes further. What should disability be a reminder of? 158. Treier alliance us that, theologically, racial isolation violates the equal dignity of all humans as bearers of the divine image. What, then, does ethnic division, racial injustice, and the like reflect? 160. Revised 08/25/2021

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BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 10 Treier reminds us that human solidarity in bearing God’s image includes a cultural mandate. What does this mandate mean for human sinning? 160-61. Treier states that masculinity and femininity are cultural constructions, and that the prominence of gender dysphoria is rising. What do Biblical Christians uphold, and how do they interpret gender dysphoria? 162-63. Treier states that debates about sexual orientation and activity involve several scriptural texts. However, the interpretation of these texts unfolds in a fourfold theological context. For each heading below, state the traditional Christian response. 1., Hermeneutics. 165. 2. Modern science. 166. 3. Eschatological contrasts. 166. 4. Biblical theology 166. Treier, Chapter 10: Sin and Salvation Treier states that love for God and neighbor is the heart of God’s law. What, then, is sin rooted in? 223. As Treier sees it, beyond individual acts of will, sin extends to “people” and institutions. What do institutions do, in regard to sin? 226. Treier discusses the bondage of the will and speaks of status, actus , and a person’s habitus . Explain the meaning of these terms. 229. Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 11 According to Treier, Lutherans have a similar belief in original guilt as Roman Catholics. What does baptism do, and how, in the Lutheran view? 229. According to Treier, the Wesleyan approach sees all humans restored from a state of guilt in Adam’s guilt. What brings such restorative benefits to us? 230. Treier affirms that “knowing Christ is the crucial benefit that determines salvation.” What addresses our status, and what does it mean? What addresses our habitus, and what does this mean? What applies salvation fully, and what does this mean? 232. Regarding Election and Calling, what does the Calvinist position teach, according to Treier? 233-34. According to Treier, how does “classical Arminianism” interpret biblical election passages? 234. In discussing being delivered from sin’s penalty, Treier notes the Catholic background and the Lutheran difference. In the Catholic view, regeneration was focused ontologically, on renewing the actual nature of human persons. What, then, does justification involve? 236. According to Treier, what does “faith alone” imply, in regard to it being extra nos and how does it become ours? 237. Treier notes that Paul’s concept of justification by faith alone appears to be in tension with other texts. What does the book of James confront, and how is it different from Paul’s thought? 239. Unit 8 Questions Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 12 Oden, Book 2-Chapter 11: In Our Place Oden says that atonement is not a conceptual problem for human speculation. What is the atonement, according to Oden and what two things are NOT the significance of this death? 401. Oden speaks of God's divine plan and states that God arranged this plan or economy. What is the purpose of this great plan? 403. What would be missing without the cross? 403. Oden asserts that God has created a universe governed by moral law. What are the consequences of sin in interpersonal communities? 404. Oden outlines the idea of human expiatory acts which seek to remove guilt through conciliatory actions offered to God. Oden asserts a reversal of this. How is this process of expiation reversed in Christianity? 406. Under the idea of the finished work of reconciliation, Oden states that there is a call for human responsiveness. How is Christ atoning death both unlimited and conditional, according to Oden? 407. Oden speaks of Christ's obedience as both active and passive. How did Christ fulfill the law for us? 409. Oden lays out the significance of Christ our Eucharist. What does Jesus become by his death, and what is the Supper, then, a perpetual reminder of? 415. Revised 08/25/2021

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BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 13 In explaining substitution as an exchange metaphor, Oden tells us that the vicarious act of Christ death did not depend upon any merit in the offending party. What then happens to human sin? 420. In classic Christian reasoning, four conditions have qualified Christ as the uniquely sufficient sacrificial victim. Name these four conditions and why they are important. 423. Oden presents the victor or dramatic motif as Christ's victory over demonic powers. According to Oden, what did Christ do in his resurrection? 433. Oden next takes up the topic of gospel as theodicy (or the problem of evil) and discusses the inherent difficulty of this question. According to Oden, from where does the wisest theodicy flow, according to classic Christian teaching? 436. At the end, Olson says that Christianity ironically intensifies the problems of evil and suffering when viewed as philosophical problems to be intellectually resolved. What is Christ's way of transforming the dilemma of theodicy? 442. Oden, Book 2-Chapter 12: Christus Victor Oden begins by explaining the four stages of the exaltation of Jesus Christ. Name these four stages in ascending order. Oden speaks of the participation of the faithful in the exaltation. He gives a meaning for each of the four stages of the exaltation. Answer the following questions. What does his decent enable the believer to do? 448. What does his resurrection enable the faithful to do? 448. Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Systematic Theology I S TUDY G UIDE FOR F INAL E XAM P A G E | 14 What does his ascension allow the believer to do? 448. What does Christ's session allow us access to, and what is the meaning of Christ's intercession in this context? 448. Under the rubric of the final phase of the humbling of God, Oden discusses several views of the descent. The second of these is that of the Reformed tradition. What does the Reformed tradition hold more specifically about the descent into hell? 452. Oden goes on to explain the descent as victory over sin and death. What three things did Christ do in his decent, according to Oden? 453. In examining the preaching of Christ in the nether world, Oden concludes by explaining the Eastern tradition (quoting from the Russian Catechism ). What two motives does the Eastern tradition combine to explain the meaning of Christ's decent? Regarding our understanding of Christ descent, what does the Formula of Concord rightly warn us against? 455. Revised 08/25/2021

BIBL 331 Final Exam Study Guide_Rev 21

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