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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Incarcerated Youth Student’s Name: Institution Affiliation: Course Code: Date:

2 Incarcerated Youth and Mental Health Multiple empirical studies have been undertaken by diverse scholars to investigate the relationship between youth incarceration and the risk of developing mental health problems. The stand held in this paper is that incarcerated youth are at higher risk of developing mental health issues. A study by Livanou (2019) found that incarcerated youth are at high risk of developing mental disorders. The study indicates that young people under incarceration are likely to develop mental disorders, exposing them to depression, anxiety suicide and disorder. Bosrchmann et al., (2020) have found that the mental health of adolescents put in detention has a tendency of deteriorating at a higher rate than for peers not detained. Jahn et al., (2021) notes that both black and white boys and girls who have faced frequent police stops and incarcerations have faced higher risk of developing mental illness than the ones who have not gone through the same experience. The research also found that young boys and girls whose parents have being incarcerated are at higher risk of developing mental disorder. The risk of youth under incarceration to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been investigated by Beaudry, Yu & Langstrom (2021). The study found that male youth who have been under incarceration have risk rate of 8.6% and female at 18.2% of developing PTSD. An investigation conducted by Kelly, Novaco & Cauffman (2019) found that male youth under incarceration exhibit high tendency of violent behavior compared to non-incarcerated ones. The various studies demonstrate the adverse effect of youth incarceration on their mental health. A review of the studies a young person under incarceration is at risk of developing mental disturbances due to depression and exposure to abuse by more older prisoners and prison guardians. The findings reflected in the different studies calls for a review on the decision of

3 putting young people under incarceration due to the adverse effect it has on their mental wellbeing.

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4 References Beaudry, G., Yu, R., Långström, N., & Fazel, S. (2021). An updated systematic review and meta- regression analysis: Mental disorders among adolescents in juvenile detention and correctional facilities. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 60 (1), 46-60. Borschmann, R., Janca, E., Carter, A., Willoughby, M., Hughes, N., Snow, K., & Kinner, S. A. (2020). The health of adolescents in detention: a global scoping review. The Lancet Public Health, 5 (2), 114-126. Jahn, J. L., Agenor, M., Chen, J. T., & Krieger, N. (2021). Frequent police stops, parental incarceration and mental health: results among US non-Hispanic Black and White adolescent girls and boys. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 75 (7), 658-664. Kelly, E., Novaco, R., & Cauffman, E. (2019). Anger and depression among incarcerated male youth: Predictors of violent and nonviolent offending during adjustment to incarceration. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87 (8), 693. Livanou, M., Furtado, V., Winsper, C., Silvester, A., & Singh, S. (2019). Incarcerated Youth: A Meta-Analysis of 30 Studies. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 18 (4), 400-414.

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