AB541_Unit12_StudyGuide Final

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AB541: Concepts & Principles II Study Guide (15 points) Unit 12: Listener Behavior, Multiple Control & Joint Control Student: Crishtine Sundar Fill out each question of the study guide using readings, powerpoints, and textbooks. 1. Define listener responding (in your own words). (0.5 pts) Listener responding is when an organism nonverbally responds to the verbal behavior of another organism. Person to person response nonverbally. 2. Skinner discounted listener responding as a type of verbal behavior. (Circle one – 0.5 pt) a. TRUE or FALSE 3. What is subvocal behavior? (1 pt) According to Schlinger what we most often state as listening is subvocal verbal behavior. Thus listening is a subvocal verbal behavior that organism engage in. Brain imaging also supports this notion that when someone is listening they are engaging in subvocal verbal behavior. 4. Give your own example of how listener behavior involves subvocal behavior. (1 pt). One of the ways that listener behavior involves subvocal behavior would be through echoic. Example I meet a stranger called Daddy Yankee and he introduces himself as Daddy Yankee, then later on at night my mother asks what did you do today? I would say I met Daddy Yankee. I would not have been able to say I met Daddy Yankee if he himself didn’t tell me his name. Thus the echoic of me repeating his name well after he had said it would involve subvocal behavior as the verbal stimulus is now transferred to as the verbal response. 5. What could rules also be called? Explain what that term means. (1 pt)

Rules were earlier termed Contingency Specifying Stimuli (CSS). This means that instead of evoking behavior due to discrimination training, the function of other stimuli and behavioral relations involving other stimuli are instead altered. CSS not only alters the evocative function of the conditional, discriminative stimuli and establishing operations but also of the efficacy in reinforcing and punishing stimuli. Such as those that can and will function as second order respondent conditioning. 6. Compare function-altering stimuli with discriminative stimuli. (2 pts) Function-altering stimuli VS. Discriminative Stimuli This refers to the environmental operations that alter the behavioral functions of other stimuli This evokes a response because a successful response has been noted in the presence of rather than absence of the stimulus Verbal FASs are most likely to be different than the nonverbal contingencies they mimic Verbal SDs are functionally similar to the nonverbal SDs Many functional altering effects occur simultaneously Effects of discriminative stimuli are immediate, needs history of discrimination training and has history to temporal response. 7. What are the two type of listening-related behaviors according to Schlinger (2008)? State the type & give an example of how that is involved in listening behavior. (1 pts each – 2 total) a. Echoic behavior: Echoic behavior would be repeating whatever is being read, or heard. For example reading “ I like chocolate cake” as a person reads the sentence they are also echoing the same sentence in their head and likey to repeat it later as well verbally. When we are listening or paying attention, it is said that we are covertly echoing the remarks being made. b. Intraverbal behavior:

This type of behavior is covert and occurs withing the privacy of the mind or inner most self. This type of behavior doesn’t have a point to point correspondence and thus cannot be seen or heard by other people. An example would be thinking about what food is at home when sat in a lecture. Nothing about the lecture has echoed or prompted the discussion your having internally. 8. What is Schlingers basic conclusion of listener behavior? (1 pt) Schlingers most basic conclusion to listener behavior is that listening is behaving verbally. 9. Define multiple control & the two types (3 pts) Multiple control refers to the various variables that control our verbal behavior. These can be tact’s, mands, echoic, etc. but most of the times more than the aforementioned are happening. i. Convergent multiple control: 1. This is when multiple variables control a single response. This can be observed in almost all verbal behavior. With convergent the descriptions or the variables would make up the response such as saying rainbow colored, horns, horse-like would lead to the response unicorn. ii. Divergent multiple control: 1. This is when a single variable strengthens more than one response. Divergent control has a single variable that leads to multiple responses. Such as with the word mythical creatures, you can get unicorn, dragon, loch-ness monster etc. 10. What’s the major debate about multiple control? Summarize the two views & then share which viewpoint Professor Edgens is more inclined to believe. (2 pts) The debate is that sophisticated intraverbal responses and multiple verbal stimuli converge to evoke responses. Thus, by analyzing the multiple responses we can see where they are coming from and arrange instructional programs to reflect those findings. Professor Edgens is more likely to believe that knowing where we come from in relation to the multiple control can help show what we can do in the future and how we can analyze instructional programs.

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11. What is joint control? What is it a type of? (1 pt) a. Lowenkron defined joint control as the effect of two SDs operating jointly to employ stimulus control over a common response topography. It is a stimulus event that can function as a conditioned reinforcer. It is a type of stimulus control and form of listening.

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