AB541_Unit5_StudyGuide (1)

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AB541: Concepts & Principles II Study Guide (15 points) Unit 5: Automatic Reinforcement Student: Crishtine Sundar Fill out each question of the study guide using readings, powerpoints, and textbooks. 1. Define automatic reinforcement. (1 pt) This is reinforcement that is delivered regardless of the person delivering it. The delivery however doesn’t itself strengthen the reinforcement it is the reponse that produces it. This would be the behavior being inevitably strengthened everytime it is exhbibited. 2. How is automatic reinforcement different from other forms of reinforcement? (1 pt) Automatic reinforcement has automatically occurring behavior that doesn’t need the mediation of another individual, thus the behavior is continually reinforced by the indivudal. 3. Give an example of a 4-term-contingency of a behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement: (1pt) 1. Antecedent: Motivating operation, discriminative stimulus 2. Behavior: response 3. Consequence: Reinforcement 4. Itch on the head during exam, you scratch the itch on your head so that you can concentrate better and not worry bout it, it reliefs you and you continue to focus on exam. 4. What are some arguments against the term automatic reinforcement? (1 pt) 1. Problem of interpretation 2. Circular in its motion 3. Unobservable

5. Give an example of an argument to combat one of the above arguments. (1 pt) 6. What are the three behaviors discussed in the Vaughan & Michael (1982) article that are automatically maintained? Identify & describe each: (3 pts) 1. The behavior of perceiving  This is the natural behavior of seeing something. For example being able to continually looking or see an object despite it not being the same, reason because in the past it has been reinfocrcing to see it. There is an automaticity of the looking behavior. 2. The behavior of producing  This is the behavior of doing something, its would be actions in the environment that produce automatic reinforcements. You do something that is able to produce a stimulus that is highly reinforcing. No other person is required for this type of behavior. 3. The behavior of problem solving When a person solves a problem, that response then changes the behavior pattern/ pathway of the now new behavior which is strengthened by the end result. Changing you environmental conditions so that a rezsponse that was successful earlier can be successful this time too, its automatically reinforcing to engage in this behavior. 7. How do punishment and automatic reinforcement interact? What does the stimulus condition become in this process? (2 pts) When the punishment produces a negative/ aversive stimulus, we engage in behaviors to avoid or remove that aversive stimulus. Then the behavior of removing the aversive stimulus is automatically reinforced. Here the aversive stimulus then becomes the stimulus condition for the automatic reinforcement. 8. What is automatic punishment? (1 pt) Automatic punishment is when no other person has to mediate in order for behavior to occur. There is a negative and aversive stimulus that occurs, such as hot stove, cutting finger whilst chopping etc. The aversive stimulus is produced by the behavior or the act of it.

9. What is a consideration when conducting a functional analysis on automatically maintained behavior? (1 pt) Look at what the maintaining varibales are and the effects of simulation that lead to the automatic maintaining of the behavior thus the reinforcement properties of the behavior. 10. What are the effects of matched vs. unmatched stimuli on reducing automatically maintained behaviors? (1 pt) With matched vs unmatched stimuli, matched stimuli reduces the automatically maintained behavior but the unmatched reduces it but not a lot. 11. What behavior reduction procedure has demonstrated to decrease the occurrence of automatically maintained problem behavior? (1 pt) Unmatched stimuli: NCR reduction procedures decreases the occurrence of automatically maintained problem behaviors. 12. Define parity & at least 1 advantage to parity. (1 pt) When your own utterance of vocal behavior is shaped or maintained by the verbal community you are in. It is able to navigate the crititicism of behavior paradigms in language acquisition. An example of this would be being able to translate language automatically, like saying I want to go here in English would be what you use as a literal basis for another language, until you are able to learn the specific phrase of the new language and how to convey the same meaning.

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