Mallinckrodt - Opioid Crisis MEMO

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Mallinckrodt LLC Memo To: Board of Directors From: Lula Valentine IO Psychologist cc: Name Date: 02/27/2023 Re: The Opioid Crisis The Problem Opioids have caused a public health crisis in the US. There have been thousands of deaths linked to opioid related abuse. Individuals at different levels of the supply chain of opioids made huge profits from the sale of this drug. As their greed continued to grow so did their bank accounts. They were not giving a second thought to all the lives they were destroying. These individuals were also aware that opioids were very addictive and subject to be abused and were only meant for short tern use (after surgery, cancer pain, and by hospice (for end-of-life care). These individuals still took the steps to expand to prescribe in other areas of treatment even though they knew it was unsafe. (Marcus & Hargrave, 2020). They were also guilty of paying out large amounts of money to promote the use of opioids in areas not medically responsible. They chose not to see all the signs of over prescription abuse and illegal diversion. Needless to say, destroying thousands of families and countless deaths due to the abuse and overdose. The Consequences There are some serious consequences involving the opioid crisis. Some of them include: Americans from all walks of life will become addicted. Countless families were destroyed. All the addiction resulted in increased healthcare. Commercial insurance companies in the state of New York and the consumers who pay premiums have paid $1.8 billion in additional claims as a result of the opioid crisis. (Marcus & Hargrave, 2020).
Outline the Levels of the Organization Involved There are three levels of management found within an organization like Mallinckrodt. Managers at these levels have different roles to perform for the organization in order to have a smooth performance. These levels are according to Shareholder Report (2020). Top-Level Management/ Administrative level is made up of the top-level management. This level includes: Board of Directors Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Chief Financial Officer (CFO) Chief Operating Officer (COO) or the President and Vice President Top level management controls the management of goals and policies and the main source of authority of the organization. They control and coordinate all the activities of the firm as they organize the several departments which includes their budget, techniques, and agendas. Top level management is also accountable to the shareholders for the performance of the organization. (Shareholder report (2020). Middle -Level Management / Executory level they are subordinates of the top-level management and are responsible for the organization and direction of low-level management. If the organization is big, they could be divided into senior and junior middle-level management. They are also responsible for: Employment and training of the lower levels To carry out plans of the organization according to policies and directives laid down by top level management. To organize departmental activities To be an inspiration or create motivation for junior managers to improve their efficiency. Lower – Level of Management / Supervisory or Operative level of managers. They spend most of their time addressing the functions og the firm, as instructed by the managers above them. Lower – level managers are the first line of managers at the base of operations and communicates the fundamental problems of the firm to the higher levels. The lower – level management is made up of: (Shareholder report (2020). Foreman Line boss Shift boss Section chief Head nurse Superintendents, and sergeants The primary functions of lower-level management are: Allocate tasks and responsibilities. Ensure quality and be responsible for production quantity. Communicate goals and objectives of the firm laid down by the higher level. 2
Managers to the employees and also the suggestions, recommendations, appeals, and information concerning employee problems to the higher level managers. Give instruction and guided direction to workers on their day-to-day jobs. Give periodic reports of the workers to higher level managers. Other levels that the organization involved include the Chief compliance officer, Chief counsel, Litigation, Human resources, compensation committee, Audit Committee, and Human resources compensation committee (HRCC). Everyone in the organization is involved. (Shareholder Report, (2020). Explain the Ethical Dilemma Physicians must prescribe opioids with great care and be prepared to help patients to wean themselves from the drugs Opioids are an unreliable and dangerous tool. Pain is a subjective measure and there is no accurate test to figure out how much medication a patient really needs. Mallinckrodt knew that the opioids were addictive, and that people were dying from overdoses but did not say anything he just continued to manufacture and sell. (Medscape 2021) Options for Challenging the Problem Opioid abuse is both a crisis and a challenge. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (2020) ‘of the 20 million Americans that had a substance abuse addiction in 2015, about 10% were addicted to opioids.’ There was a total of 33,000 lives lost to this drug in 2015 alone. Drug overdose from opioids is currently killing more people than guns or car accidents. Some of these opioids include. (Milios,R., 2022 1. Fentanyl (Synthetic opioid) / Heroin connection and comes from a plant and is 50 – 100 times more potent than the plant-extracted form of morphine that it mimics. Some versions of fentanyl are up to 10,000 times more potent than morphine. 2. OxyContin 3. Vicodin 4. Demerol 5. Hydrocodone There is medication-assisted treatment (MAT) it includes prescribing medications like methadone and suboxone it was proven to increase a person’s chances of remaining opioid free after 18months. Our efforts should focus toward finding other types of intervention such as educating our children by going into the school, monitoring prescriptions more through monitoring programs. Aggressive law enforcement efforts to address doctor shopping and pill mills. (Milios, R., 2022). Long-term Consequences for Ignoring the Problem There were several long-term consequences for ignoring the problem so long. Some of the problems include: Once doctors did start cutting them off from the opioids without offering to help them with their addiction many of the addicts turned to the streets for the drugs as well as 3
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other narcotics. They lost everything they owned turned to robbing, prostitution, Due to so many overdoses insurance went up, doctors became greedy and got careless. References 4
Editonal staff, A. (2023). Opiate effects/short-term, long-term, and side effects . American addiction centers. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://drugabuse.com-opioids>.. Emerging ethical dilemmas (dealing with the opioid epidemic . (2021). Medscape. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://www.medscape.com Mallinckrodt plc opioid risk oversight shareholder report . (2020, March 31). Mallinckrodt, gcs. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://mallinckrodt.gcs-web.com>...(pdf) Marcus, A. A., & Hargrave, T. J. (2020). Managing business ethics making ethical decisions (1st ed.). Sage Publications. Milios, R. (2022, September 21). Opioid abuse: a crisis and a challenge . American addiction centers recovery.org. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://recovery.org Prevent opioid use disorder . (2022). CDC (centers for disease control and prevention. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://www.cdc.gov>opioids>o... Statement of charges and notice of hearing . (2020, April). New york state department of financial services/Department of the new york state government. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://dfs.ny.gov>system>files>documents>2020/04 Vashishtha, D., Mittal, M. L., & Webb, D. (2017, May 12). Harm reduction journal the north american opioid epidemic: current challenges and a call for treatment as prevention . Biomedcentral (BMC). Retrieved February 27, 2023, from https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral 5
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