PSYC 6153 Unit2

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PSYC6153

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DQ. 2.1 Post #1: First-born: Typically seen as leaders and individuals with a strong sense of responsibility. Second-born: Often viewed as rebels and competitors within the family. Middle-born: Usually individuals who seek balance and harmony among siblings . Last-born: Often pampered and protected individuals in the family" (Maniacci & Sackett-Maniacci, 2019). The accuracy of these descriptors in general and within one's own family of origin depends on personal observations and experiences. Some individuals may find these descriptors accurately reflect their own and their family member's personality traits, while others may find them inconsistent with their experiences. As personal experiences and family dynamics are unique to each family, the accuracy of these descriptors varies from person to person. Adler's theory in family systems approach emphasizes the interrelationships and interactions among family members, viewing the family as an interconnected system. Adler's personality descriptors also highlight the interactions and role assignments among siblings. The family systems approach further focuses on family dynamics and interaction patterns, which aligns with Adler's emphasis on social relationships within the family (Maniacci & Sackett-Maniacci, 2019). In conclusion, Adler's personality descriptors associated with birth order are to some extent accurate but subject to individual differences and controversy (Maniacci & Sackett-Maniacci, 2019). Reference: Maniacci, M. & Sackett-Maniacci, L. (2019). Adlerian Psychotherapy. In D. Wedding & R. J. Corsini (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (11th ed.) pp. 59-100. Boston, MA: Cengage. DQ. 2.2 Post #1: Carl Jung's theory provided a theoretical foundation for creative arts therapies, emphasizing the connection between individuals and the unconscious" (Safran, Kriss, & Foley, 2019). In art therapy, individuals can use forms of art such as painting, drawing, and sculpture to explore inner experiences and emotions. Jung's theory emphasizes the connection between individuals and their inner world and unconscious, which aligns with the goals of art therapy. Through artistic creation, individuals can freely express deep emotions, dreams, fantasies, and unconscious content. For example, an art therapist may guide a client to explore their dream images through drawing. According to Jung's theory, symbols and symbolic meanings in dreams can reveal important information from the individual's unconscious. By painting their dream images, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of the symbolic meanings within the dreams and derive personal growth and insights from them. Jung's theory is also applied to music therapy. Music therapists can encourage clients to express their inner emotions and experiences through music creation, performance, or appreciation. As a non-verbal form of expression, music has the ability to touch deep emotions and unconscious contents within individuals. Jung's theory suggests that the symbolic meanings and emotional expressions in music can help individuals explore and understand their inner world (Safran, Kriss, & Foley, 2019). Reference

Safran, J. D., Kriss, A., & Foley, V. K. (2019). Psychoanalytic therapies. In D. Wedding & R. J. Corsini (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (11th ed.) (review the section on Jung). pp.29-30. Boston, MA: Cengage. DQ. 2.1 Post #2: Hello Jessica, It is interesting to hear about your reflection on Adler's contribution to family systems and your personal experiences within your own family. Adler's theory suggests that birth order can have a lasting impact on an individual's personality, with first-born children often assuming leadership roles (Krause et al., 2013). However, you mention that your family does not follow traditional birth order roles, with your characteristics deviating from the typical first-born traits (Miller & Dillman, 2016). It is important to note that Adler's theory provides general patterns and tendencies, but individual differences and other factors within the family system can also influence personality development. In your family, it seems that each sibling has developed unique traits that do not strictly align with birth order expectations (Krause et al., 2013). As for whether first-born children tend to gravitate towards other firstborns, there is no definitive answer. While some individuals may find commonalities and shared experiences with others of the same birth order, it ultimately depends on various factors such as personality, values, and personal preferences. Birth order may influence some aspects of relationships, but it does not determine compatibility or attraction between individuals. I am the only child so I cannot say anything about it, what are your thoughts? Reference Krause, D., Serpell, Z., Measelle, J., Ablow, J., & Smider, N. (2013). Theoretical models of human development. In P. Zelazo (Ed.), Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology (pp. 59-60). Oxford University Press. Miller, C. D., & Dillman, D. A. (2016). Birth order and personality: A within-family test using independent self-reports from both firstborn and later-born siblings. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 158-162. DQ. 2.2 Post #2: Hello Jessica, The roots of dream analysis came from Jung's theory" (Safran et al., 2019). By exploring dreams with clients, therapists can uncover hidden aspects of their unconscious minds and shed light on unresolved conflicts, desires, and fears. Dreams serve as a bridge between the conscious and unconscious selves, offering a unique window for self-discovery (Safran et al., 2019). When clients share their dreams, therapists pay close attention to the symbols, metaphors, and emotions present in the dream narrative. Together, they explore the possible meanings behind these elements and connect them to the client's current experiences (Safran et al., 2019). Through the process of dream exploration, clients can gain a deeper understanding of themselves, their relationships, and the underlying patterns influencing their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors (Safran et al., 2019). Dreams often bring forth unconscious material that may be difficult to access directly in waking life. By delving into the symbolic language of dreams, therapists can uncover unconscious resources, unacknowledged emotions, and potential solutions to personal dilemmas (Safran et al., 2019). Dream exploration also allows clients to establish a

stronger connection with their own intuition and inner wisdom. By actively engaging with their dreams, clients can cultivate a sense of empowerment and agency, recognizing and trusting the valuable insights that arise from within (Safran et al., 2019). Hi Class, I am curious about whether the dream analysis approach could help clients’ issues. We had a case study in one of the courses before, it is about suicide by using a gun. I want to know what your thoughts are. References Safran, J. D., Kriss, J. L., & Foley, C. (2019). Contemporary directions in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Clinical, theoretical, and research approaches. Springer Publishing Company. DQ. 2.1 Post #3: Hey Jessica, Thank you for sharing your observations regarding only children in kindergarten and their social interactions. One possible explanation for this could be the nature of their social interactions, as only children tend to spend more time engaging in adult conversation rather than interacting with peers who have similar social-emotional intelligence (Hotz & Pantano, 2015). For example, I am an only child, and I have a lot of issues with interaction when I was young. My teacher and parents spend so much time on me to get a little bit of improvement. Even right now, I still have some issues sometimes dealing with people. Moving on to the impact of birth order on health, it is intriguing to consider the findings regarding high blood pressure, height, and weight. Research by Black et al. (2016) suggests that there is a decreasing likelihood of developing high blood pressure with increasing birth order, with the largest difference observed between first-borns and second-born individuals. Additionally, the study indicates that height tends to decrease with birth order, with first-borns being, on average, slightly taller than second-borns. Furthermore, first-borns have a higher chance of being overweight and obese compared to second-borns. What do you think? Reference Black, J. L., Macinko, J., Dixon, L. B., Fryer Jr, G. E., & Livingood, W. C. (2016). Does birth order affect child health? A population-based study. Maternal and child health journal, 20(3), 557-565. Hotz, V. J., & Pantano, J. (2015). Strategic parenting, birth order, and school performance. Journal of population economics, 28(4), 911-936. DQ. 2.2 Post #3: Dream analysis has the potential to facilitate healing and provide valuable insights into the unconscious mind (Wolson, 2021). By examining the symbolism and hidden meanings in dreams, therapists can gain a deeper understanding of their client's psyche and uncover unresolved issues, hidden fears, and creative inspirations (Schredl, 2010). Dream analysis not only promotes personal growth but also has the power to transform lives by exploring the vastness of the client's mind (Wolson, 2021).

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Regarding the feasibility of virtual dream analysis, it is possible but very challenging through online platforms (such as the internet stable, if something goes wrong, it is hard to correct it right away if you are not in-person). Through virtual platforms, therapists can still engage in discussions about dreams, explore symbolism, and provide interpretations. However, there are some potential drawbacks to this approach. One challenge is the lack of non-verbal cues and subtle nuances that may be present in face-to-face interactions. Additionally, the absence of a shared physical space might impact the therapeutic atmosphere and the depth of exploration during the dream analysis process. References: Schredl, M. (2010). The rediscovery of dreams and dream therapy in psychoanalytic treatment. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 79(6), 389-390. Wolson, M. E. (2021). The efficacy of dream analysis and interpretation in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychological Therapies in Primary Care, 10(1), 57-64. DQ. 2.1 Post #4: Hi Noof, Adler's perspective on personality development, which emphasizes the influence of social contexts and birth order, provides interesting insights. It's intriguing to hear that you can relate to the traits described for middle children, such as the desire to please others and the challenges in setting boundaries and saying no (Maniacci & Sackett-Maniacci, 2019). It's important to acknowledge that these traits may vary from person to person and can be influenced by various factors beyond birth order. While Adler's theory suggests a connection between birth order and personality traits, it is worth noting that some scientists argue against a significant impact of birth order on traits like extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and imagination (Newman, 2015). Regarding the impact of birth order on IQ and academic performance, research findings have been mixed. Some studies have suggested a modest association between birth order and IQ, with first-borns often having a slight advantage (Newman, 2015). However, it is important to consider that various factors, such as parenting styles, socioeconomic status, and educational opportunities, can also significantly influence IQ and academic performance. Birth order alone may not be the sole determinant. The impact of birth order is complex and may vary from person to person. Further research is necessary to better understand the extent of birth order effects on personality and cognitive development. What are your thoughts? Reference Maniacci, M. P., & Sackett-Maniacci, L. (2019). Adlerian psychotherapy. In D. Wedding & R. J. Corsini (Eds.), Current psychotherapies (11th ed., pp.59-100). Boston, MA: Cengage. Newman, S. (2015). Does Your Birth Order Actually Matter? | Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/singletons/201511/does-your-birth-order-actually- matter

DQ. 2.2 Post #4: Hello Christiane, Our discussion of dreams, archetypes, and symbols in art therapy has suggested the powerful connection between these concepts. Swan-Foster (2020) emphasizes the importance of personal exploration and expression over aesthetic perfection in art therapy. Nuttall & Pelletier (2020) provide a remarkable example of the symbolic use of art by a child client with cognitive and verbal limitations. Through recurring symbols and activities, the child found ways to create a safe space, reenact distressing situations, and assert a sense of power and freedom. Jung himself recognized the significance of artistic experimentation (Swan-Foster, 2020). Personally, yes, I do incorporate regular art activities into my life. Engaging in art allows me to tap into my creativity and serves as a therapeutic outlet for self-expression and self-reflection. When I immerse myself in art, whether it's painting, drawing, or engaging in crafts, I experience a sense of calm and focus. The process of creating art helps me disconnect from daily stressors and enter a state of flow, where I am fully present in the moment. This, in turn, has a positive impact on my emotional state, promoting relaxation, mindfulness, and a sense of inner peace. It serves as a form of self-care and provides a space for self-discovery and personal growth. Did you incorporate the arts into your life too? If yes, what are your thoughts? Reference Nuttall, M., & Pelletier, L. (2020). Understanding symbol repetition in art therapy. Art Therapy, 38(3), 154–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2020.1816105 Swan-Foster, N. (2020). C.G. Jung’s Influence on Art Therapy and the Making of the Third. Psychological Perspectives, 63(1), 67-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2020 DQ. 2.1 Post #5: Hello Reggie, It's interesting to hear about your personal experience related to Adler's assessment of birth order. Adler's theory indeed suggests that birth order can influence personality traits and behaviors within a family dynamic. Your observation of your older brother being more conservative and seeking attention after the arrival of another sibling aligns with Adler's perspective on the impact of birth order on individual development" (Maniacci & Sackett-Maniacci, 2019; Hartmann & Goudarzi, 2019). However, it's important to note that birth order theory has received some criticism and is not universally accepted. Some researchers argue that factors such as gender, family size, and cultural context can also play a significant role in shaping individual differences within a family (Maniacci & Sackett-Maniacci, 2019). Additionally, not all individuals may fit neatly into the general patterns proposed by birth order theory, as personality development is influenced by a complex interplay of various factors (Miller & Dillman, 2016). It would be interesting to hear from others who may have different perspectives on Adler's assessment of birth order and whether they agree or disagree with his theories based on their own experiences and observations within their families (Maniacci & Sackett-Maniacci, 2019). References: Hartmann, A., & Goudarzi, S. (2019). Birth Order and Personality: A Within-Family Examination of Two Sibling Categories. Journal of Individual Differences, 40(2), 63-72.

Maniacci, M. P., & Sackett-Maniacci, L. (2019). Individual Psychology: Adler's theory. In The Oxford Handbook of Psychoanalytic Treatment (pp. 301-325). Oxford University Press. Miller, E., & Dillman, D. A. (2016). Birth Order and Personality: A Within-Family Test Using Independent Self-Reports from Both Siblings. Journal of Individual Differences, 37(1), 49-57. DQ. 2.2 Post #5: Freud and Jung indeed made significant contributions to the field of dreamwork and psychoanalysis. Both of them recognized the therapeutic potential of working with dreams, although they had different approaches and perspectives. Freud emphasized the role of dreams as a pathway to the unconscious, where repressed desires and conflicts are expressed symbolically. He believed that uncovering and interpreting these hidden meanings could lead to insight and healing (Freud, 1900). Jung, on the other hand, expanded on Freud's ideas and introduced his own concepts, such as archetypes and the collective unconscious. He focused on the symbolic and metaphorical aspects of dreams, seeing them as reflections of the individual's personal and collective experiences. By exploring these symbols and their meanings, individuals could gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their current life situations (Jung, 1961). In the context of expressive arts therapies, Jung's emphasis on symbols and metaphors aligns well with the underlying principles of these approaches. The use of abstract and experiential tasks in expressive arts therapies allows individuals to tap into their creativity and engage with their inner world, similar to how dream work involves exploring the symbolic language of dreams. Freud, S. (1900). The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (1900) . https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Freud/Dreams/dreams.pdf Jung, C. G. (1961). Memories, dreams, reflections . https://antilogicalism.com/wp- content/uploads/2017/07/memories-dreams-reflections.pdf

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