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1 Synthesis Paper Assignment Berreka Franklin Department of Social Work, Liberty University PSYC 255: Introduction to Research Professor Hilary Trevizu July 3, 2023

2 Synthesis Paper Assignment Understanding how to conduct research can be confusing, but these eight weeks have helped pass on knowledge on how to conduct research on an introductory level. This synthesis paper assignment is to demonstrate proper use of APA format in a term paper, along with one research method studied in the course, which will help to reflect what I have learned and the critique from a biblical perspective about research from this course.

3 Researching at an Introductory Level Introduction to Research Understanding the concept of research can be completely confusing, but throughout the time spent, I grasped how to conduct research and what the APA format looks like. During these eight weeks of the course, the focus was on the introduction to research and the types of research methods that can be used, including sampling, research designs, hypothesis testing, and interpreting results. These are the following topics that I have grasped an exceptional understanding of: Conducting research can be time-consuming and overwhelming, but having a better understanding of what research is and the type of research is key to conducting research at an introductory level. What I learned about the research in my own terms is that it is the progress of acquiring data on a specific topic to find what causes or why this behavior is occurring, which leads to how to collect data from the behavior study, which can be done using different types of research. There are two main ways to differentiate among types of research. First, you can describe a research method as being either qualitative or quantitative (Crawford, 2018, p. 70). Qualitative Research Method Qualitative research uses inductive logic in the various qualitative approaches. Researchers using qualitative methods seek insight through in-depth collection of information that may be subjective, hopefully with hypotheses emerging from the in-depth information. This research method is a more flexible approach because it gives participants space to voice their opinions on open-ended questions (Crawford, 2018, p. 70).

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4 Quantitative Research Method Quantitative research is deductive by nature. Researchers using this methodology seek objectivity through testable hypotheses and carefully designed studies (Crawford, 2018, p. 70). According to Crawford, the reason why quantitative research methods can be considered the best method is that quantitative approaches will want to quantify what is happening with the variables in the study, whereas qualitative approaches can help discover, identify, and more richly describe what the variables really are that need to be studied (Crawford, 2018, p. 71). While conducting these types of research, you must have a research design, there are different types. But my favorite is case studies. According to Crawford, a case study is an in- depth observation of an individual, animal, event, or treatment method. Typically, an intensive observation is done, and a detailed account is taken because the event is extremely rare and unusual. There are classic examples of case studies in the field of Psychology (Crawford, 2018). Being tough, this type of research design was pretty easy for me because of the experience that I had doing case studies in high school. APA Publication Manual Understanding research at an introductory level requires identifying the format of research that is going to be used, which is the APA format. According to the American Psychological Association, the Publication Manual has long been an authoritative source for scholarly writing, and this edition provides more targeted guidance and support for students (American Psychological Association, 2020). This was a little challenging for me because I only knew a little stuff about the APA Manual and thought it was just a big book of nothing. Throughout these eight weeks, I have gained a better understanding of the APA Publication

5 Manual, which is a guide given to provide knowledge of how the manual is used, where to locate information within it, and what information it contains. What I have learned using the APA Manual is that there are different types of case studies in high school. requirements, and these requirements play a significant role in completing a perfect research paper. These are some of the examples: Heading Level Importance . The purpose of using level headings in a properly formatted document is to serve as a guide to organize content for readers and to help the writer structure the writing. APA style headings have five possible levels that are used (American Psychological Association, 2020). Personal Communication Definition and Importance . Personal communication is a citation that is only when a recoverable source is not available. Personal communication includes emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchival discussion groups or online bulletin boards, and so on (American Psychological Association, 2020, pp. 259).

6 Researching from a Biblical perspective Researching from a Biblical perspective was not a thought that ran across my mind because at first, I thought from a young age that all people that conduct research believe in ungodly topics and would use research to justify it, which is true, but as I have gone through most of the modules these past weeks, I have turned a blind eye and opened it to have a better understanding of how research can be biblical. From doing a class discussion on why research can be godly or ungodly. In my opinion, research can be both. A biblical perspective shows that research plays on both sides. A scripture that agrees that research can be godly, Acts 17:11, which states, "There were more noble than those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind and searched the scriptures daily, whether those things were so." (King James Bible, 2017). What the scripture is stating is that we must be studying the scripture daily and gaining our own understanding through Christ because the Bible states that many false preachers will come and change the word of God for their own liking. Here is a scripture that research can be ungodly, 1 John 4:1, which states, “Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits whether they are of God: because many false prophets are gone out into the world.” (King James Bible, 2017). This scripture is saying that many false doctrines, ideas, or people would come into the world to proclaim that their own way is better than God's. This is why we must walk in the spirit and ask for discernment about everything we do.

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7 Completion of the Synthesis Paper Assignment Completing this synthesis paper assignment took some time because I had to analyze my notes for my notebook, look through some of the assignments, discussion threads, and quizzes, and reflect on myself based on the information that I was taught, what I learned, and what I understood from the information presented before me.

8 Reference Crawford, R (2018). Introduction to research: Less Fright, More Insight : A Customized Version of Research Methods: Are You Equipped? Second Edition by Jennifer Bonds-Raacke and John Raacke (3rd ed.). Kendall Hunt Publishing. https://libertyonline.vitalsource.com/books/9781524965457 (American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000 Links to an external site. King James Bible . (2017). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/ (Original work published 1769)’

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