Module 7

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PSY 211 Project Two Template Use this template to complete your life-span theory exploration paper. Answer each question with a minimum of 3 to 5 sentences. Support your answers with credible sources when appropriate. Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. 1. Identify a theorist, summarize their theory, and explain the aspects of that theory that relate to the biological perspective . Sigmund Freud was a psychologist whose theory relates to the biological perspective. Freud believed that events in our childhood have a great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality. How the unconscious mind dictates our behavior more than what we think. Everyone is born with biological instincts that fuel our behavior and that is channeled in new directions over the course of human development. He viewed the newborn as an inherently selfish and aggressive creature driven by instincts, inborn biological forces that motivate behavior. (Sigelman & Rider, 2018) 2. Provide an example of how this biological perspective of life-span development applies to your lived experience. One experience that I lived through that had a huge influence on me would be my parents’ divorce. I didn’t know that there was ever a problem because they did a good job of hiding things from myself and my sister. Even looking back at things, I never saw them fighting or even having a disagreement. My mom was a stay-at-home mom, and my dad was teaching and working in a small law firm. I thought things were fine, but they weren’t. It was my tenth birthday and I had just swam in swim meet that morning. After we got home, they started arguing about something and that is the night that my dad moved out of the house. For many years I thought that I was the one that had caused my dad to leave. My mom kept telling me that he had made a choice, and that choice was that he wanted my sister to live with him and he didn’t want to see me. It took me a long time to understand that my mom was trying to convince me that my dad didn’t want me to hide her pain. My dad did want to see me, but my mom was keeping me from him for as long as she possible could as a way to hurt him, but also ended up hurting me as well. From that point forward the relationship with my mom was strained and caused to me be very cautious when letting someone into my life. It also caused me to end up getting involved with men that ended up cheating on me with other women. 3. Identify a theorist, summarize their theory, and explain the aspects of that theory that relate to the psychological perspective . Aaron Beck was a psychologist whose theory relates to the psychological perspective. He believed that the way you think affects your behavior and mood. People with negative self- schemas become prone to making logical errors in their thinking and they tend to focus selectively on certain aspects of a situation while ignoring equally relevant information. His theory relates to the psychological perspective because it deals with thoughts and how we process information. When a person’s stream of automatic thoughts is very negative you would expect them to become depressed. Beck incorporated behavioral approaches as espoused by stress inoculation training, self-control therapy, social learning, and problem-solving training. . Aaron Beck is considered to be “the father of cognitive behavioral therapy.” 1

4. Provide an example of how this psychological perspective of life-span development applies to your lived experience. Based on my parents’ divorce, my thoughts were always negative thanks to my mom. During middle school and parts of high school, I had a hard time seeing things in a positive light. My mom although she got remarried a few years later, it wasn’t a healthy relationship. He was super controlling, and she was unable to do much of anything without his permission. Even though I could see that this was not the way a relationship should be, it was ingrained in my thought process that the few men that I dated and then married were just like my stepdad. I now know that if I want to have a positive outcome I must think positively. While I am at work, and I have a patient that is upset or starting to cause an issue with other staff I have starting getting them to think positively about what they are wanting or needing and it changes their perspective for the moment. Sometimes it only lasts for a few minutes, but sometimes that is all the time we need so that we can get them the medication they need, or have a test done as well. 5. Identify a theorist, summarize their theory, and explain the aspects of that theory that relate to the social perspective . Albert Bandura’s social learning theory suggests that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating the behavior of others. He describes that learning not only takes place by watching others but also how they react to positive and negative situations and their consequences. His theory weighs heavily on a person’s peers and social environment and their crucial role in learning behaviors. By watching other’s reactions and whether the outcome was positive or negative you can determine if the behavior is acceptable. Albert Bandura also believed that humans were more advanced than that of rats. He argued that human being learning is very different than that of rat learning because as a human we have far more sophisticated cognitive capabilities. 6. Provide an example of how this social perspective of life-span development applies to your lived experience. Growing up I observed my mom lose her voice when it came to speaking up for her rights while it in a relationship with my stepdad. I went also lost my voice in a few relationships even though I thought that the relationships were good. I learned to start speaking up for myself and when I did that certain things began to happen within the relationship that I knew weren’t good. I saw how other people would react to my significant other’s actions and that is when I knew I needed to find a way out before things got worse. My mom never did find her voice and because of that our relationship went down hill until we no longer spoke to each other. She just recently passed away this year, and as sad as it sounds my reaction to that news was one of anger and joy mixed together. I was angry with her for walking away from me at the age of eighteen and then disowning me based on things that my stepdad told her. The joy I felt was based on that I wouldn’t have to hear any more stories about what she was doing over the years from my sister. 2

7. Describe why analyzing the life span from a combined biological, psychological, and social perspective is important. By analyzing lifespan development through biological, psychological, and social perspective is important to be able to fully understand how people behave. We need different approaches, outlooks, and more information to get the best understanding of human behavior. Human development relies on biological factors such as the genes we inherit from our parents. When looking at psychological factors that influence development such as attachments we form early in life and other factors that influence how humans think and behave. The social perspective is important because it focuses on the effects of our environment during our development and how our relationships and culture affect our attitudes and behavior throughout our lives. There is no one way to study the whole human race, but by examining each of these factors, it will help us to get a better understanding of how people act and react to things. Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2017). Life-Span Human Development. Cengage Learning. Mcleod, S. (2016, February 5). Social Learning Theory. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html McLeod, Saul (2018) Sigmund Freud's Theories. https://www.simplypsychology.org/Sigmund- Freud.html 3

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