Week 2 - Discussion

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Lamar University *

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5334

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Psychology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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4

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Hamilton Depression Rating Scale The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), measures depression in individuals before, during, and after treatment ( Depression Assessment Instruments ). It assists the counselor in monitoring the client's progress throughout the therapeutic process. The purpose of the assessment and calculations is to determine the severity of the clients' depression before, during, and after therapy. The assessment contains 21 questions measured 0-2 or 0-4. Despite having 21 questions the test administrator will only utilize 17 questions. A score of 0-7 is considered normal, 8-13, is considered mild depression, and 14-18 is considered moderate depression., 19-22 severe depression and 23 or more very severe depression. Reliability and Validity Reliability refers to the ability of test scores to be interpreted consistently and dependably across multiple test administrations (Waston & Flamez, 2015). Validity is concerned with how accurately an instrument or assessment procedure evaluates the trait or viability that was designed to assess (Waston & Flamez, 2015). With the knowledge I have about reliability and validity, I believe the assessment can be both valid and reliable as well as unreliable and lack validity. The reliability of the test is determined by the test scores and not the test itself. If the client is not truthful with their test scores, the reliability of the test scores will not be accurate in determining the severity of their depression. The test is considered valid in my opinion, because it can accurately evaluate the client's depression. It can effectively determine the progress a client has made. References American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Depression Assessment Instruments . American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/depression-guideline/assessment Watson, J. & Flamez, B. (2015).Counseling Assessment and Evaluation: Fundamentals of Applied Practice. SAGE: Thousand Oaks, CA.
Response 1 Kassandra , The BAI has been an effective assessment test used for over 25 years. Its psychometric properties have been extensively studied and proved to be excellent (Caballo, 2007). You stated the test asks questions about somatic and cognitive symptoms. It is important to note that the BAI measures the intensity of cognitive, affective, and somatic anxious symptoms experienced throughout a week. The BAI has been found to discriminate well between anxious and nonanxious diagnostic groups and, as a result, is useful as a screening measure for anxiety (Vinken, 1975). This can conclude the BAI is a reliable and valid assessment to measure a client's anxiety. Reference Caballo, V. E. (2007). International Handbook of Cognitive and behavioural treatments for psychological disorders . Elsevier. Vinken, P. J. (1975). Handbook of clinical neurology . North-Holland.
Response 2 Richard, I enjoyed reading your post about the DASS. As I researched more information about DASS, I found more important information to add to your response. The DASS was constructed not merely as another set of scales to measure conventionally defined emotional states, but to further the process of defining, understanding, and measuring the ubiquitous and clinically significant emotional states usually described as depression, anxiety, and stress ( Overview of the DASS and its uses ). The depression portion of the assessment assesses symptoms such as devaluation of life and lack of interest. The stress portion of the assessment assesses symptoms such as difficulty relaxing and agitation. The anxiety position assesses symptoms such as negative physical symptoms. The assessment is only used in a clinical setting. The DASS demonstrated a high degree of internal consistency as well as excellent convergent validity, despite poor discriminant validity as determined by the average variance extracted (Cao et al., 2023). Reference Overview of the DASS and its uses . Overview of the Dass and its uses. (n.d.). https://www2.psy.unsw.edu.au/dass/over.htm Cao, C.-H., Liao, X.-L., Jiang, X.-Y., Li, X.-D., Chen, I.-H., & Lin, C.-Y. (2023, July 14). Psychometric evaluation of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) among Chinese primary and Middle School Teachers - BMC Psychology . BioMed Central. https://bmcpsychology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40359-023-01242-y#:~:text=Results ,analysis%20further%20supported%20convergent%20validity.
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Response 3 Patricia, Before reading your post I was ignorant of the Ages and Stages questionnaire on social and emotional. After reading the post I was able to understand what exactly the assessment was and the use of the assessment. The assessment was created to help home visiting, early intervention, Early Head Start, Head Start, and other early childhood programs screen and assess infants and young children to determine who would benefit from an in-depth evaluation ( CEBC, 2015 ). The assessment screens children in several areas. The areas include social-emotional development, self-regulation, compliance, social communication, adaptive functioning, autonomy, affect, and interaction with people ( Your top asq:SE-2 questions answered 2021). The Ages and Stages questionnaire is utilized in school settings primarily. Reference Your top asqse2 questions answered - ages and stages. (n.d.). https://agesandstages.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Your-Top-ASQSE2-Questions-Answered .2019.pdf CEBC . CEBC " Assessment Tool ’ Ages Stages Questionnaires Social Emotional Asq Se. (2015). https://www.cebc4cw.org/assessment-tool/ages-stages-questionnaires-social-emotional-asq-se/#: ~:text=Ages%20%26%20Stages%20Questionnaires%C2%AE%3A%20Social,an%20in%2Ddep th%20evaluation%20in .