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Developmental Psychology: Infancy and Childhood , 5th Canadian Edition (2020) (by David R. Shaffer, Katherine Kipp, Eileen Wood, Teena Willoughby, Kim Roberts, Alexandra Gottardo, Tobias Krettenauer, Joanne Lee, & Nicola Newton) ISBN-10: 017687397X, ISBN-13: 9780176873974 Web Links provided by Dr. Karsten A. Loepelmann, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta Chapter 1: Introduction to Developmental Psychology and its Research Strategies Research Methods Knowledge Base https://conjointly.com/kb/ This resource explains research methods in the social sciences, from formulating research questions, research design, gathering statistics, to writing a research paper. Psychological Research on the Net: Developmental Psychology https://psych.hanover.edu/Research/exponnet.html#Developmental This page has links to research projects that will give you an idea of the range of phenomena that developmental psychologists investigate. You may actually participate in online research projects. Developmental Psychology https://cpa.ca/sections/developmentalpsychology/ The DPS is a section of the Canadian Psychological Association that puts out a newsletter and holds conferences. National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=4450 This study, begun in 1994, is following 15,000 Canadians from birth to adulthood to help understand child development in a holistic way. Developmental Psychology Studies Humans Across the Lifespan https://www.apa.org/education-career/guide/subfields/developmental The American Psychological Association explains what developmental psychologists do. Society for Research in Child Development https://www.srcd.org/ The SRCD is an international professional association of 5,500 researchers, promoting multidisciplinary research in human development. Developmental Psychology https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/dev/index

This bimonthly journal, published by the American Psychological Association, is a great place to see the different kinds of research done by developmental psychologists. The Health of Canada’s Children and Youth https://cichprofile.ca/ Evaluates and summarizes data on the health and well-being of Canadian children and youth through graphs, tables and commentaries covering a broad range of health indicators. Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans https://ethics.gc.ca/eng/documents/tcps2-2018-en-interactive-final.pdf Gives detailed information on ethical considerations in human research and illustrates typical policies and procedures for research funded by the three major federal granting Councils in Canada: the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and the Medical Research Council (MRC). Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists (Fourth Edition) https://cpa.ca/docs/File/Ethics/CPA_Code_2017_4thEd.pdf This document describes the ethical responsibilities of Canadian researchers in psychology. Evaluating Sources https://www.une.edu.au/research/hdr/solar/module-9-evaluating-sources This primer will help you evaluate sources, an important part of the research process. Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development Issues in Developmental Psychology https://www.verywellmind.com/issues-in-developmental-psychology-2795069 Discusses four major issues in the field of developmental psychology. Child Development Theories and Examples https://www.verywellmind.com/child-development-theories-2795068 Brief introduction to seven different leading theories. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development- 2795962 Describes and evaluates the stages of Freud’s theory of development. Erikson Tutorial https://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/ERIK/welcome.HTML This excellent tutorial includes a summary chart of Erikson’s eight stages, and also has detailed information elaborating on each stage.

Erik Erikson http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/erikson.html This page includes a biography of Erikson, as well as an extensive exploration of his psychosocial theory of development. Erikson Institute https://www.erikson.edu/ This graduate school in child development is located in Chicago. An Overview of Learning Theories In Psychology https://www.verywellmind.com/learning-theories-in-psychology-an-overview- 2795082 A general introduction to learning theories, including operant and social learning. Dr. Albert Bandura http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/GCPWS/Bandura/Biography/Bandura_bio1.html This biography of famous Canadian psychologist Albert Bandura describes his life, theories, and accomplishments. Bobo Doll Experiment https://www.verywellmind.com/bobo-doll-experiment-2794993 Explains the methods, results, implications, and criticisms of this famous experiment, as described in the textbook. Urie Bronfenbrenner https://www.famouspsychologists.org/urie-bronfenbrenner/ Gives a short biography and describes his Ecological System Theory. Chapter 3: Hereditary Influences on Development The DNA molecule is shaped like a twisted ladder http://www.dnaftb.org/19/ Explains the structure of the DNA molecule with animation, and describes its discovery. What is the Human Genome Project? https://www.genome.gov/human-genome-project/What The goal of this international scientific research project was to map all of the genes that make up the human genome. Multiple Birth https://www.pregnancyinfo.ca/birth/delivery/multiple-birth/ Information on twins and multiple births from the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Multiple Births Canada

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https://www.multiplebirths.ca/ This organization strives to improve the quality of life for multiple-birth individuals and their families in Canada. Genetics https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/ Provides consumer-friendly information about the effects of genetic variation on human health. Your Guide to Healthy Pregnancy https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/healthy- pregnancy/healthy-pregnancy-guide.html The Public Health Agency of Canada answers expectant mothers’ questions about their health before, during and after pregnancy. What is a Genetic Counsellor? https://www.cagc-accg.ca/index.php?page=353 Explains who genetic counsellors are and what they do. Overview of Genetic Disorders https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/detection-of- genetic-disorders/overview-of-genetic-disorders The Merck Manual describes genetic screening and prenatal diagnostic testing. About PKU https://canpku.org/resources/Documents/National%20Brochure%202021.pdf Briefly explains phenylketonuria (PKU), a rare, inherited metabolic disease. Gene Therapy https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/genetherapy/ Gives an introduction to gene therapy, the methods used, an interactive game, and more. Minnesota Center for Twin and Family Research http://mctfr.psych.umn.edu/ This ongoing project is researching the genetic and environmental influences on the development of psychological traits by comparing twins. Chapter 4: Prenatal Development The Visible Embryo http://www.visembryo.com/ A pictorial account of human development from conception to birth, and all the stages in between. Fetal Development https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=328&language=English

Has interactive timeline of growth and development highlights from conception to birth. MotherToBaby https://mothertobaby.org/ Provides evidence-based information on the safety of medications and other exposures during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Things to Avoid During Pregnancy: Teratogens https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=341&language=English AboutKidsHealth lists teratogens including chemicals and medications, infections in the mother, and maternal conditions. Fertility Matters Canada https://fertilitymatters.ca/ Promotes equal access to fertility treatments, and provide support, awareness, information and education about fertility. Understanding miscarriage https://www.babycenter.ca/a252/understanding-miscarriage Babycenter.ca discusses the causes of miscarriage, debunks myths, and explains how to cope with it. Thalidomide - The Canadian Tragedy https://thalidomide.ca/en/the-canadian-tragedy/ The Thalidomide Victims Association of Canada describes the results of thalidomide use by pregnant women in Canada. Canada FASD Research Network https://canfasd.ca/ CanFASD supports research on prevention strategies and improved support services for people affected by Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Healthy Baby, Healthy Brain http://www.healthybabyhealthybrain.ca/ Best Start: Ontario's Maternal Newborn and Early Child Development Resource Centre gives information to parents to support their baby’s brain development. Association for Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health https://birthpsychology.com/ Founded by a Toronto psychiatrist and psychologist, the APPPAH has information on mental and emotional dimensions of pregnancy and birth. Chapter 5: Birth and the Newborns’ Readiness For Life Childbirth.org http://childbirth.org/

Has information about pregnancy, childbirth, and babies. Childbirth Connection http://www.childbirthconnection.org/ This not-for-profit organization has been providing information for women and health professionals since 1918. Childbirth and Postpartum Professional Association https://cappa.net/ CAPPA offers training to childbirth educators, lactation educators, labour doulas, antepartum doulas and postpartum doulas. Midwives: FAQ https://www.bcmidwives.com/faq.html This is a list of frequently asked questions and answers on midwives, from the Midwives Association of British Columbia. Your newborn: Bringing baby home https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/pregnancy-and-babies/bringing_baby_home Canada's pediatricians explain everything parents need to know to prepare for a new baby. Pacific Post Partum Support Society https://postpartum.org/ This Canadian organization offers a support line and resources to help women who are feeling sad, overwhelmed, anxious during pregnancy or after the birth or adoption of a child. Testing Your Newborn’s Health https://www.parentscanada.com/baby/testing-your-newborns-health/ A listing from Parents Canada of some of the reflexes normally shown by the newborn. Newborn Reflexes https://www.whattoexpect.com/baby-behavior/newborn-reflexes.aspx Describes the triggers, responses, durations, and reasons for many newborn reflexes. Canadian Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths https://www.babysbreathcanada.ca/ Canada’s only foundation solely focused on SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) is also dedicated to reducing infant mortality and other sudden and unexpected infant and child deaths. Soothing a Crying Baby https://www.parenting.com/baby/sleep/soothing-a-crying-baby/ Explains why babies cry and gives simple soothing strategies to help parents cope.

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Chapter 6: Physical Development: The Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and the Beginnings of Sexual Development Zero to Three: Brain Development https://www.zerotothree.org/early-development/brain-development This excellent site, developed in collaboration with the Erickson Institute, explains how the brain develops from conception through 3 years of age, and discusses strategies for optimizing brain development in the early years. Brain Development http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/dev.html This page describes the process of encephalization and brain development; there are also links to other good sites with related information. The Brain with David Eagleman https://pbs.lm-prod.media.ingest.s3.amazonaws.com/General%20Audience %202015/The%20Brain%20Interactive/brain--v1.0.0/index.html#/the-brain Explore video clips from the TV series to gain a deeper understanding of one of the body's most complicated and essential organs. Milestone Charts http://www.babycenter.com/milestone-charts-birth-to-age-3 ParentCenter lists what to expect when in a child’s physical (and other) development from birth to age 3.. Baby Development http://www.babycenter.com/baby-milestones BabyCenter lists what to expect when in a baby’s development. Philip Zelazo https://innovation.umn.edu/child-lab/ Prof. Zelazo’s website has references to some of his research on motor development. How to talk with your teen https://caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/behavior-and- development/talk_with_your_teen The Canadian Pediatric Society gives parents tips for communicating better. Body Image, Self-Esteem, and Mental Health https://www.heretohelp.bc.ca/infosheet/body-image-self-esteem-and-mental- health Explains how these are related, how to encourage a healthier body image, and has a self-esteem self-test. The National Eating Disorder Information Centre

https://nedic.ca/ NEDIC has information and resources for family and friends, and for those who are suffering from anorexia nervosa or bulimia. The Whole Child: Physical Development http://www.pbs.org/wholechild/abc/physical.html A summary table of physical milestones from birth to 5 years. Chapter 7: Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception, and Learning Infant Vision Simulator Card https://greatvision.osu.edu/sites/default/files/documents/MainCampus/InfantVision SimulatorCard.pdf Pictures that show how an infant views the world at different ages. Your Baby’s Hearing, Vision & Other Senses https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sense13m.html Describes sensory and perceptual abilities of infants. Classical Conditioning https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wsu-sandbox/chapter/classical-conditioning/ Explains the principles of classical conditioning, with links to activities and videos. What Is Operant Conditioning and How Does It Work? https://www.verywellmind.com/operant-conditioning-a2-2794863 This website covers key concepts from operant conditioning. Coursera: Learning How to Learn https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn This free online course teaches you powerful mental tools to help you master tough subjects (enrollment required). Fetal Memory http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/hepper1/ Does fetal memory exist? What does it do? An article illustrating how habituation and classical conditioning techniques can be used to assess early memory. Gone But Not Forgotten? The Mystery Behind Infant Memories https://brainconnection.brainhq.com/2013/04/22/gone-but-not-forgotten-the- mystery-behind-infant-memories/ This article explores potential explanations for infantile amnesia. Convention on the Rights of the Child https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention This agreement, organized by UNICEF, lists the human rights of children.

Observational (Social) Learning http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/soccog/soclrn.html Gives the results of some research into the effects of exposing children to aggressive and prosocial behaviours. Albert Bandura http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/bandura.html Presents a brief discussion of Albert Bandura’s early research studies and key concepts from his social learning theory. Chapter 8: Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory, Case’s Neo- Piagetian Theory, and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Viewpoint Jean Piaget’s Theory of Development https://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/PIAGET/open.HTML This online tutorial is designed to teach the basic theories of Jean Piaget, his stages of cognitive development, as well as his views on intelligence, epistemology, and biological knowledge. Jean Piaget Archives https://archivespiaget.ch/en/archives-jean-piaget/informations-generales/ The website of this private foundation has biographical information, and a list all of Piaget’s writings. Jean Piaget Society https://piaget.org/ This organization is devoted to studying the development of human knowledge, and was named for the influential Swiss psychologist. STEM Experiences for Classrooms https://regentsctr.uni.edu/regents-center/stem-experiences-classrooms Classroom activities that inspire children’s reasoning, based on Piagetian principles. How to Teach Kids Problem-Solving Skills https://www.verywellfamily.com/teach-kids-problem-solving-skills-1095015 VeryWell Family explains the steps involved in problem-solving that children should learn. The Importance of Pretend Play https://www.scholastic.com/parents/kids-activities-and-printables/activities-for- kids/arts-and-craft-ideas/importance-pretend-play.html Article from Parent & Child magazine describes the importance of dramatic play for social, emotional, language, and thinking skills. Department of Applied Psychology & Human Development https://www.oise.utoronto.ca/aphd/Home/index.html

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This department of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto was where Robbie Case conducted much of his work. Vygotsky’s Cultural/Cognitive Theory of Development https://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/VYG/vyg.HTML A brief tutorial gives a biography of Len Vygotsky, and outlines his theory. The Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding https://www.simplypsychology.org/Zone-of-Proximal-Development.html Outlines Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development, and gives some implications for education. The Whole Child: Thinking Skills http://www.pbs.org/wholechild/abc/cognitive.html A summary table of cognitive milestones from birth to 5 years. Chapter 9: Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives and Connectionism Metacognition: The Gift That Keeps Giving https://www.edutopia.org/blog/metacognition-gift-that-keeps-giving-donna-wilson- marcus-conyers Describes metacognition (knowledge of your own cognitive abilities, and knowing how to change them) and how to apply it to learning. Robbie Case http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws/Case/Case.html The Great Canadian Psychology Website presents a video biography and other information about Robbie Case of the University of Toronto and his research in developmental psychology. Robert Kail http://www1.psych.purdue.edu/~rkail/home.html Professor Kail’s website describes his research on the causes and consequences of age-related change in speed of information processing. How to Boost Your Child's Memory https://www.parents.com/toddlers-preschoolers/development/intellectual/ways-to- boost-toddler-memory/ Gives strategies that parents can use to help increase their young children's memory. Dr. Kimberly Schonert-Reichl https://sel.ecps.educ.ubc.ca/dr-kimberly-schonert-reichl/ As described in the textbook, Dr. Schonert-Reichl is head of the Social and Emotional Learning Lab at UBC.

Fuzzy-trace theory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy-trace_theory Online encyclopedia article about the fuzzy-trace theory of memory and reasoning, with implications for false memories. Children Make Better Eyewitnesses than Adults in Certain Circumstances https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/observer/obsonline/children- make-better-eyewitnesses-than-adults-in-certain-circumstances.html This article from the Association for Psychological Science’s Observer magazine describes some intriguing new research. Alberta Brain & Cognitive Development Lab https://sites.google.com/ualberta.ca/abcdlab/home The ABCD Lab examines how children develop the ability to regulate their behaviour, attention, cognition, and emotions. Early Childhood: Where Learning Begins -- Mathematics https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED430734.pdf This online booklet helps parents use home activities to challenge their children's minds, showing them that mathematics is everywhere. Connectionism: An Introduction https://mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/connectionism_intro/index.html The Mind Project explains the ideas behind the connectionist approach in more detail. Chapter 10: Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance Intelligence Theory & Testing https://www.intelltheory.com/ Traces the history of influences in the development of intelligence theory and testing, including biographies of important people who have contributed to this area. Does your IQ score measure up? https://www.allthetests.com/iq-tests/index.php This page has links to a few different (unofficial) online tests of intelligence. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wechsler_Intelligence_Scale_for_Children More information on the WISC scale of measuring intelligence, and making clinical diagnoses. Who owns intelligence? https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1999/02/who-owns- intelligence/377435/

This article, written by intelligence researcher Howard Gardner discusses issues in intelligence testing, including multiple intelligences and the future of testing. JP Das Centre on Developmental and Learning Disabilities https://dascentre.educ.ualberta.ca/ The mission of the Das Centre is to provide research, training, and some clinical services to people with developmental, perceptual and learning disabilities. The Bell Curve https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve Online encyclopedia article summarizes the book The Bell Curve and describes the criticisms of it. Aboriginal Head Start in Urban and Northern Communities https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health-promotion/childhood- adolescence/programs-initiatives/aboriginal-head-start-urban-northern- communities-ahsunc.html This Canadian program is an early intervention program for Aboriginal children and their families, designed to meet and foster the spiritual, emotional, intellectual and physical needs of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis children. How Head Start Can Make a Difference https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/02/how-head-start-can-make-a- difference/ New York Times article discusses the pros and cons of the U.S. government's Head Start program for children from low-income families. Robert J. Sternberg http://www.robertjsternberg.com/ Prof. Sternberg’s website describes his research and theories in intelligence, including his investment theory of creativity. Investment Theory of Creativity https://www.robertjsternberg.com/investment-theory-of-creativity Robert J. Sternberg briefly describes his unique theory of creativity. Chapter 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills Language Development Centre https://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~ghlab/hall-site/Hall-Lab/Welcome.html This psychology lab at the University of British Columbia performs research on children’s word learning. The Origins of Babble https://pages.jh.edu/jhumag/0298web/baby.html This article from Johns Hopkins Magazine discusses recent research investigating the origins of language in children.

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Parentese https://www.thirteen.org/readytolearn/pdf/5_Focus/parentese/parentese_bkgrd.pdf Background information on the reasons for and benefits of this exaggerated form of speech. Language development: Speech milestones for babies https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/in- depth/language-development/art-20045163 Describes when language abilities develop in infants. Language development and literacy https://www.child-encyclopedia.com/language-development-and- literacy/according-experts/parents-role-fostering-young-childrens-learning In-depth look at research results on how parents can fostering early language and literacy in children. The Hanen Centre http://www.hanen.org/Home.aspx This Canadian charitable organization helps young children with--or at risk of developing--language delay to learn to communicate and interact effectively. Language Development in Children https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/language_development/ The Child Development Institute provides this detailed language development chart, along with links to other language and communication development Websites. The Whole Child: Communication Skills http://www.pbs.org/wholechild/abc/communication.html A summary table of important communication and language milestones from birth to 5 years. American Sign Language https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/american-sign-language Answers frequently asked questions about American Sign Language, as described in the textbook. Canadian Parents for French https://cpf.ca/en/ CPF is a national network of volunteers who are dedicated to the promotion and creation of French second language learning opportunities for young Canadians. Chapter 12: Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment Temperamental Individuality https://www.b-di.com/

This site presents research and practical information about temperament, following the work of Thomas and Chess in the New York Longitudinal Study. Improving Emotional Intelligence (EQ) https://www.helpguide.org/articles/mental-health/emotional-intelligence-eq.htm Explains what emotional intelligence is, why it's important, and how to build your EQ. Emotional intelligence for a better community https://www.apa.org/monitor/dec01/emotional This article from the APA Monitor Online considers the scientific approach to emotional intelligence, and why it is important. Shyness https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/shyness.html Questions and answers about shyness, including tips on overcoming shyness. The Different Types of Attachment Styles https://www.verywellmind.com/attachment-styles-2795344 Discusses the work of Bowlby and Ainsworth. Attachment Theory and Research http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/ Outlines the work of Canadian psychologist Mary Ainsworth and other on the attachment styles. Harry Harlow and the Nature of Affection https://www.verywellmind.com/harry-harlow-and-the-nature-of-love-2795255 Describes Harlow's pioneering--and controversial--research on the importance of maternal conduct, using rhesus monkeys. What is a Secure Attachment? And Why Doesn’t “Attachment Parenting” Get You There? https://www.developmentalscience.com/blog/2017/3/31/what-is-a-secure- attachmentand-why-doesnt-attachment-parenting-get-you-there Explains the scientific view of attachment, describes the importance of attachment, and gives tips on how to parent for a secure attachment. Emotional Development https://www.pgpedia.com/e/emotional-development Briefly describes the process of emotional development in children. The Whole Child: Social and Emotional Development http://www.pbs.org/wholechild/abc/social.html A summary table of important social and emotional milestones from birth to 5 years.

Chapter 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition International Society for Self and Identity http://www.issiweb.org/ The ISSI is a scholarly association dedicated to promoting the scientific study of the human self; they have a good introduction to what the self is. Early Social Development Lab https://esdldalhousie.wixsite.com/esdl Chris Moore's lab website describes his research on what children understand about themselves, others, and the world around them. What Is Learned Helplessness and Why Does it Happen? https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-learned-helplessness-2795326 Explains learned helplessness in adults and children, its effects on mental health, and how to overcome it. Society for Treatment of Autism https://www.sta-ab.com/ This Alberta-based organization provides comprehensive treatment, educational and consulting services for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their families. National Association for Self-Esteem https://healthyselfesteem.org/ The purpose of this organization is to increase people’s self-esteem, which empowers people to meet life’s challenges and be worthy of happiness. Self-Esteem Games http://selfesteemgames.mcgill.ca/index.htm Interactive games that can help you feel more secure and confident in yourself. WITS Programs Foundation https://witsprogram.ca/ As described in the textbook, this anti-bullying program teaching children to walk away, ignore, talk it out, and seek help (WITS) when they are being bullied. Social & Emotional Learning (SEL) Resource Finder http://www.selresources.com/ This website is designed to help educators find ways to promote social and emotional learning in the classroom, as described in the textbook. Learned Helplessness and School Failure http://www.turned-offchild.com/articles/Learned%20Helplessness%20and %20School%20Failure%20-%20Part%201.pdf Analyzes the relationship between learned helplessness and school performance; includes ideas for helping children overcome learned helplessness.

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Person Perception and Impressions of Others https://www.verywellmind.com/person-perception-2795900 Describes social categorization and implicit personality theories. Chapter 14: Sex Differences and Similarities, and Gender-Role Development Sex and Temperament https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/mead/field-sepik.html This online exhibition from The Library of Congress details Margaret Mead’s classic study of cultural influences on gender typing in three tribal societies in New Guinea. Girls Are... Boys Are... : Myths, Stereotypes & Gender Differences http://www.campbell-kibler.com/Stereo.pdf Article discussing the myths and realities of differences between males and females. Gender Issues in Children’s Literature https://www.ericdigests.org/1999-3/gender.htm This article summarizes research into the portrayal of gender in children’s literature, how it affects children, and recommendations for promoting gender equity. Pre-college factors affecting women’s future in Computer Science https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs181/projects/women-in- cs/precollege.html A good outline of the different factors affecting socioemotional development in women, with an emphasis on the discipline of computer science. Gender Representation https://mediasmarts.ca/digital-media-literacy/media-issues/gender-representation MediaSmarts examines what it means to be a boy or girl, man or women. Girls in Technology https://www.womenintechnology.org/girls-in-technology This program helps girls identify pathways to careers in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and medicine) through engagement with women executives in STEM-related fields. Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinities https://www.apa.org/about/division/div51 Advances knowledge in the new psychology of men through research, education, training, public policy and improved clinical services for men. Androgyny.ca https://androgyny.ca/

Website for the Canadian Intersex Network. Sex: Unknown https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/gender/ This companion website to the PBS series NOVA documents the case of an intersexual person: a man who was raised as a woman. LGBTQ2S+: What does it mean? https://kidshelpphone.ca/get-info/lgbtq2s-what-does-it-mean/ Answers questions about sexual orientation, gender identity, sex and gender, and more. Chapter 15: Moral Development and Aggression Taming aggression in children https://parentingscience.com/aggression-in-children/ Gives 5 crucial strategies for effective parenting of aggression. Bullying Canada https://www.bullyingcanada.ca/ This site offers information, help and support to everyone involved in bullying: the victim, perpetrator, bystander, parents, school staff and the community at large. Ophelia Project https://www.jfkfoundation.org/ophelia-project/ The Ophelia Project attempts to counteract the negative effects of culture on young teens and their relationships. Relational Aggression http://www.relationalaggression.com/ Describes the different kinds of relational aggression, including taunting, mockery, exclusion, gossip, rumors, and other kinds of bullying. What Makes Kids Care? Teaching Gentleness in a Violent World https://www.apa.org/topics/parenting/teaching-kids-gentleness This article from the American Psychological Association describes the influence of parents and the outside world on caring and altruism of children. Helping Children Learn Right From Wrong https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/1689-helping-children-learn-right-from- wrong Describes the research on morality, and explains how people can help children develop it. Fostering Goodness: Teaching Parents to Facilitate Children’s Moral Development https://parenthood.library.wisc.edu/Berkowitz/Berkowitz.html

Looks at the foundations for morality, parental influences, and how these can be combined to help parents become moral educators. Moral Development and Education: An Overview https://www.moraledk12.org/about-mde This page gives a brief rundown on the theories of moral development by Piaget, Kohlberg, Turiel, and Gilligan. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development https://www.verywellmind.com/kohlbergs-theory-of-moral-development-2795071 Describes the levels and stages of Kohlberg’s theory, along with criticisms of it. Kohlberg Dilemmas http://ww3.haverford.edu/psychology/ddavis/p109g/kohlberg.dilemmas.html Presents four of the dilemmas used in Kohlberg’s research, and provides questions for exploring children’s understanding of the moral issues involved. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_a_Different_Voice Online encyclopedia article on Carol Gilligan’s landmark book on moral development in girls. Chapter 16: The Family Today’s Parent https://www.todaysparent.com/ This website has online articles, blogs, and discussion boards on many parenting issues. Vanier Institute of the Family https://vanierinstitute.ca/ Promotes the importance and strengths of families in Canada and the challenges they face in all of their structural, demographic, economic, cultural and social diversity. Punishment vs. Discipline http://www.theparentreport.com/2012/06/punishment-vs-discipline/ This feature article from TheParentReport.com discusses setting limits on behaviours. Canadian Child Care Federation https://cccf-fcsge.ca/ Dedicated to improving the quality of child care services for Canadian families. Parenting School-Age Children https://www.healthychildren.org/English/family-life/family- dynamics/Pages/Parenting-School-Age-Children.aspx

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Offers tips for parents on school, friendships, and outside activities for school-age children. The Step and Blended Family Institute https://www.stepinstitute.ca/definitions.php This Canadian institute and clinic debunks prevailing myths about stepfamilies. Children and Divorce https://www.helpguide.org/articles/parenting-family/children-and-divorce.htm A resource for helping kids cope with separation and divorce. Family Therapy https://www.camh.ca/en/health-info/mental-illness-and-addiction-index/family- therapy Describes what family therapy is, how it works, and who it can benefit. Voices For Children https://www.speakupnow.org/ See how this organization helps transform the lives of abused children in San Diego County, California. Kids Help Phone https://kidshelpphone.ca/ This website, in addition to giving a toll-free telephone number, has resources for Canadian kids who need a place to turn to if they’re suffering problems with abuse, drugs, suicide, or anything else. Chapter 17: Beyond the Family Context: Peers, Schools, and Media Dealing With Peer Pressure https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/peer-pressure.html Online article from KidsHealth offers mechanisms for coping with peer pressure. My Child Has No Friends https://www.boystown.org/parenting/article/Pages/My-Child-Has-No-Friends.aspx Discusses identifying if a child has no friends, and how to prepare children to make and keep friends. childcarecanada.org https://childcarecanada.org/ This project's mandate is to work towards a universal, high quality, publicly funded, inclusive child care system in Canada. Education Indicators in Canada http://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/212/education- indicators-canada-international-perspective-2009.pdf

This report from The Council of Ministers of Education, Canada, compares educational systems in Canada to other countries. What are the most common types of preschool programs? https://www.ourkids.net/school/preschool-programs Detailed comparisons of academic, play-based, Waldorf, Reggio Emilia, and Montessori preschools. MediaSmarts https://mediasmarts.ca/ Canada’s Centre for Digital and Media Literacy offers practical support for media education in the home, school, and community, and provides information on our fast-evolving media culture. Center for Media Literacy https://www.medialit.org/ CML is an educational organization that works to help people develop critical thinking and media production skills needed to live fully in the 21st century media culture. Children’s Understanding of What is ‘Real’ on Television http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/realrev.html Review of the literature available on how to assess children’s understanding of reality as presented on TV, according to four criteria. Sesame Workshop https://www.sesameworkshop.org/ This is the home page for the nonprofit organization behind the educational program Sesame Street . Internet Safety https://www.elmer.ca/safety-village/internet-safety Elmer the Safety Elephant’s website, produced by the Canada Safety Council, has information on safe Internet browsing for kids, parents, and teachers. RSS Feeds Psychology Today - Child Development Central https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/child-development-central/feed Recent posts about child development at Psychology Today. Momma Data https://www.mommadata.org/feed/ Debunking parenting advice and children’s health news. Child Psychology and Parenting Blog https://feeds.feedburner.com/ChildPyschologyAndParentingResearch

A portal for parents, educators, and child development professionals. CHILDMYTHS http://childmyths.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss Focuses on parsing mistaken beliefs that can influence people’s decisions about childrearing. Child in Mind https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/child-in-mind/feed Blog promoting children’s healthy development at Psychology Today. Parenting Today https://feeds.feedburner.com/childdevelopmentinfo/ZJHA News and parenting tips from the Child Development Institute. BC Parent Newsmagazine https://bcparent.ca/feed/ Publishes inspiring, informative, and helpful articles covering every aspect of being a parent. Child Development Institute https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/feed/ Posts parenting articles, news and tips on raising happy, healthy, successful kids and teens. Shaping Youth https://shapingyouth.org/feed/ Using the power of media for positive change. Science of Parenting https://blogs.extension.iastate.edu/scienceofparenting/feed/ Gives ideas, resources and strategies for effective parenting.

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