6-3 Project Three Milestone Getting to Know the Evidence

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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Project Three Milestone Tiffany white Southern New Hampshire University PSY 260: Statistical Applications for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Shanna Mitchell-Jones December 3, 2023

2 Project Three Milestone Select the topic and explain why you selected that topic. Your response should be about 2 to 3 sentences. I have chosen to delve into the subject of "Police Striking Adults" for this project, driven by its critical relevance in today's landscape, particularly amidst recent events. The escalating attention drawn to race and police brutality, underscored by high-profile incidents, highlights the urgency to research this topic. I believe that obtaining reliable data is crucial to comprehending the true magnitude of this issue, motivating my decision to explore this pressing matter further. Create an annotated bibliography entry for your first article . Your response should be about 8 to 10 sentences that include the following elements:  A description of the main purpose or goal of the article  A description of the approach the authors took in their research DeSilver, D., Lipka, M., & Fahmy, D. (2020, June 3). 10 things we know about race and policing in the U.S. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2020/06/03/10-things-we-know-about-race-and-policing-in-the-u-s/DeSilver, Lipka, and Fahmy conducted an exhaustive study aiming to comprehensively analyze the intersection of race and policing in the United States, especially in the context of more recent events like George Floyd's tragic death and subsequent protests. Their article synthesizes Pew Research Center survey data to illuminate public perceptions, attitudes, and experiences concerning race relations, police interactions with black Americans, and broader issues pertaining to police conduct. Employing a robust data-driven approach, the authors amalgamate extensive survey findings conducted over several years, particularly focusing on surveys from 2016 and 2019 encompassing law enforcement officers and the general public. These surveys were strategically designed to glean insights into diverse demographic groups' perspectives on police behavior, racial equity, and community interactions, emphasizing key statistical trends and disparities among racial groups, political affiliations, and law enforcement viewpoints. Methodologically, the authors employed rigorous surveying techniques with substantial sample sizes, encompassing over 7,900 law enforcement officers and 4,500 general public respondents in 2016, and more than 6,600 respondents in 2019, alongside deliberate oversampling to ensure fair representation of non-Hispanic black and Hispanic individuals. Through meticulous presentation of empirical findings highlighting varying perceptions on police treatment fairness, experiences of discrimination, and evaluations of the criminal justice system across different racial groups and political ideologies, the authors aim to deepen comprehension of the intricate dynamics surrounding race and policing in the United States.

3 Create an annotated bibliography entry for your second article . Your response should be about 8 to 10 sentences that include the following elements:  A description of the main purpose or goal of the article  A description of the approach the authors took in their research Graziano, L. M., & Gauthier, J. F. (2017). Examining the racial-ethnic continuum and perceptions of police misconduct. Policing and Society, 29(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2017.1310859The primary objective of Graziano & Gauthier's (2017) study is to discern the existence of a racial-ethnic hierarchy in attitudes toward police misconduct and to delineate consistent patterns therein. This research identifies a clear racial-ethnic hierarchy in perceptions of law enforcement, notably with African Americans exhibiting the most adverse attitudes and whites demonstrating the most favorable views. The study's data illustrates that a significantly higher percentage of African Americans perceive police misconduct as a substantial or minor issue compared to other ethnic groups. Over 80% of African Americans view racial profiling as problematic, while only 43% of whites share this perception. To collect this data, the authors employed computer-assisted telephone interviews, conducting the survey in a mid-size California town with roughly 130,000 residents between July and October 2015. The surveyed population had a median age of 37, comprising 10.5% African Americans, 14.5% Asians, 35% Hispanics, and 40% whites, with a median family income of $70,000. The participants were relatively well-educated, with 86% having a high school diploma and 49% possessing a bachelor's degree or higher. The survey covered topics including perceptions of public safety, experiences with law enforcement, and media consumption. While the surveyed population does not represent the entirety of the United States, these findings serve as a foundational point for further research on a larger scale. Describe the difference in communication style of the two articles. Your response should be about 3 to 5 sentences. Consider the following in your response:  Do the articles reach a similar conclusion?  Do the articles present similar information?  Do the articles consider the role of visuals in the same way?  Do the articles present the findings in a convincing way, and is one more effective?  How do the tone and style of the articles compare, and what does that mean for the reader? Upon reviewing both articles, it's evident that they converge on similar conclusions, notably highlighting the unequal treatment of blacks compared to whites and other minorities. However, their content and methodologies markedly differ. The first article offers a concise summation of past research on race and law enforcement, tailored for the general public with its brevity and reliance on prior studies. In contrast, the second article is an in-depth research paper examining racial-ethnic impacts, likely more suited for psychology scholars or researchers due to its depth and statistical analyses. Both

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4 articles draw from studies conducted one to four years before publication, relying on participants' opinions without direct factual comparisons. Visual aids were employed in both instances, but the first article utilized basic diagrams, whereas the second relied on scientific statistical graphs. While both effectively present findings, they lack in directly correlating opinions to concrete facts. The first article's catchy titles might evoke shock but lack substantive factual depth, while the second maintains a professional tone and a more scientific presentation. Despite a comprehensible tone across both, the catchy titles in the first article may potentially influence readers without substantial factual support. Ultimately, DeSilver, Lipka, and Fahmy's article adopts an objective and data- driven stance, providing a broad overview of Pew Research Center findings without a definitive conclusion, while Graziano & Gauthier's article focuses on a specific study of attitudes toward police misconduct among various racial-ethnic groups, offering more precise conclusions. These varied approaches cater to readers seeking different depths and scopes in understanding the complexities surrounding race and policing dynamics.

5 References Desilver, D., Lipka, M., & Fahmy, D. (2020, June 3). 10 things we know about race and policingin the U.S. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/06/03/10- things-we-know-about-race-and-policing-in-the-u-s/ Graziano, L. M., & Gauthier, J. F. (2017). Examining the racial-ethnic continuum and perceptions of police misconduct. Policing and Society, 29(6), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2017.1310859

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