RESEARCH EXAM 3

RESEARCH EXAM 3 Categorical answers have an inherent order = Ordinal Categorical answers do not have any built-in order = Nominal Which of the following is not a characteristic of a qualified interviewer? Multi-lingual A Gantt chart can be very helpful for visually displaying which of the following? Research timeline What research characteristic requires detailed explanations about how participants were sampled? Reproducibility Which of the following task would need to be performed by the researcher if existing data is going to be analyzed? Identify an appropriate data source and supporting materials What research characteristic requires obtaining consistent results across studies aimed at answering the same scientific question using new data or new computational methods? Replicability Which of the following is incorrect regarding a primary investigator? Responsible for the preparation, conduct, and administration of a research grant. What type of question forces respondents to select answers that do not truly express their status or opinion? Close-ended questions Cronbach’s alpha is a measure of internal consistency that is used with variables that have ordered responses. Concurrent validity is evaluated when participants in a pilot study complete both the existing and new tests and the correlation between the test results is calculated. Concrete validity uses an established test as a standard (or criterion) for confirming the utility of a new test that examines a similar theoretical construct. Validity is established when the responses or measurements are shown to be correct Reliability is demonstrated when consistent answers are given to similar questions and when an assessment yields the same outcome when repeated several times. The major advantage of what type of survey is that costs associated with it are relatively low? Internet-based surveys Which of the following is the highest cost associated with interviews? Personnel What is the group size for a focus group discussion? 8 to 10 people What type of data collection starts with a list of open-ended questions, which are followed up with more questions to provide a more complete or specific response? Semi-structured interview What type of observation involves the researcher studying participants in a laboratory in full view of the participants? Controlled What type of observation occurs when the participants are aware that they are being observed and the researcher is transparent about the goals and methods of study? Overt Which of the following is not a qualitative research technique? Bigulation Quantitative data collection is often described as formal, impersonal, and detached. Qualitative data collection is often described as informal, personal, and attached.

True or False? Focus groups often use homogenous sampling to recruit participants with similar background, experiences, or perspectives. TRUE True or False? The Delphi method is a structured decision-making and forecasting process in which participants engaged in completing individual questionnaires. TRUE When conducting physical fitness tests, the top priority for researchers should be what? Muscle strength and endurance Which of the following is a test that measures lung function? Spirometry Which of the following may be helpful for identifying the presence of a disease or markers for a disease? Laboratory analysis of biological specimens True or False? Standardization increases the precision and validity of measurements. TRUE True or False? Quantitative laboratory tests seek to confirm the presence or absence of disease, while qualitative laboratory tests seek to measure amounts. FALSE SWOT involves all of the following except for: Success When a funder reaches out to a researcher and asks that person to submit a Solicited proposal , the organization might offer a contract rather than a grant. Which of the following is normally submitted by the researcher so that the funder can confirm that there is a reasonable match between the sponsor and the proposed research plan before inviting a full proposal to be written and submitted? Preproposal Which of the following usually requires that a particular deliverable, such as a commissioned report, be submitted to the funding agency by the end of the agreement? Contract These are specific monetary expenses associated with a particular project. Direct costs These are the general research-related expenses that institutions can incur but cannot contribute to specific research projects. Indirect costs Research proposals can include all of the following except? A signed no-cost extension letter What type of programs typically offer two mechanisms for creating derived variables? Database and statistical programs Which of the following is the process of correcting any typographical or other errors in data files? Data cleaning Which of the following stores data in tables, in which each row represents one record, and related records in different tables can be linked? Database programs True or False? The disadvantage to using spreadsheet programs is that it is easy to accidentally enter new data or an existing row of data or to input inconsistent codes, which makes cleaning the data much more difficult. TRUE Grouping codes into a limited number of categories is known as what? Pattern coding What is the process in which qualitative data are collected and analyzed simultaneously, rather than waiting until all data have been gathered? Constant comparison Which process of qualitative data analysis uses the tools of linguistics to analyze the written, spoken, or nonverbal language used by participants? Discourse analysis Credibility is an indicator of trustworthiness. Dependability is an indicator of consistency that is demonstrated through transparency about data collection, analysis, and interpretation methods.