P301 Exam 1 handout

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Iowa State University *

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301

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Psychology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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7

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Psych 301 Exam 1 handout Fill in this sheet with information to organize your studying. Use information from your lecture notes and the textbook. This worksheet is not exhaustive. Information from the textbook and lecture not on this worksheet may also be on the exam. CHAPTER 1 – Science of Psychology Distinguish some possible ways of knowing something. What is the weakest? Which one do psychologists usually rely on? List and explain the three characteristics of science What’s the difference between science and pseudoscience? What are some qualities of both?
Define the following Basic research Applied research Disconfirmational strategy Confirmational strategy Strong inference CHAPTER 2 – Scientific method Make a list or draw a picture to illustrate the steps of the scientific method What’s the difference between theory and hypothesis? How do you evaluate both? What’s the difference between induction and deduction?
Define the following terms Variable Operational definition Non-experimental research Experimental research Internal validity External validity Random sampling Convenience sampling Type 1 error Type 2 error CHAPTER 4 – Psychological Measurement What’s the difference between these types of measurement? Nominal Ordinal Ratio Interval Define reliability and validity
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Discuss these reliability issues Systematic error Random error Define these terms Test-retest reliability Parallel forms reliability Split half reliability Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) Inter-rater reliability Face validity Construct validity Convergent validity Discriminant validity Content validity Criterion-related validity Concurrent validity Predictive validity
CHAPTER 6 – Nonexperimental research What information does a correlation coefficient tell you? Positive? Negative? r = 0? Explain statistical significance and what affects it Why does correlation not imply causation? Give an example of when you would see these factors distorting a correlation Restricted range Heteroscedasticity
Low reliability Ceiling effect Floor effect Outliers Define these special types of correlations (when are they appropriate to calculate?) Partial correlation Point biserial correlation Phi coefficient Spearman rank order correlation
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Give the linear equation associated with regression What does the beta (slope / regression coefficient) tell you about a predictor variable’s relation to the outcome variable?

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