week 6 child

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Capella University *

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6015

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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1 Case Study Analysis: Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood Tasha Robinson Capella University PSY6015: Lifespan Development Alisa Estey November, 2023

2 Case Study Angela, a young Black woman, comes from a close-knit and very religious family that has always taken great pride in her accomplishments. Despite some minor rebelliousness during high school, Angela maintains close ties to her family and considers her parents and younger sister to be her best friends. A solid student all through school and a leader in her church’s youth ministry, Angela knew for a long time that she wanted to go to college to be a teacher. Angela’s father attended community college for two years, and her mother graduated from high school. Both parents were delighted when Angela became the first member of the family to pursue a baccalaureate degree. Now in her first year at a state university in the South, she is getting used to college and to life in a dormitory. She enjoys the freedom and the challenge of college but is also experiencing some problems getting along with other students. Her roommate, a young White woman named Jen, poses a particular dilemma for her. It bothers Angela that Jen never goes to church, never prays, frequently spends the night at her boyfriend’s apartment, and is an outspoken agnostic. Jen makes various comments about what she has learned in her religion and philosophy classes that trouble Angela, who firmly believes that Jen lacks a proper moral center. Angela has tried to convince Jen about the importance of belief in God and the consequences of her disbelief but to no avail. Because it is important to Angela to maintain her beliefs, she starts to avoid being in the room when Jen is there and considers finding a new roommate.

3 During the spring semester, Angela develops a serious infection that confines her to bed and makes her unable to attend classes or to care for herself. She is both surprised and pleased when Jen comes to her assistance. Jen runs errands for her, brings her meals, and does her laundry. Even Jen’s boyfriend pitches in to help Angela makeup her missed assignments. She is touched by their generosity and confused about how this goodness can coexist with a nonreligious perspective on life. These are the kind of people she had thought were immoral. When the time comes to plan for next year’s housing arrangement, Angela is uncertain. Her friends in the ministry counsel her to find a more appropriate roommate. Yet Angela cannot reconcile Jen’s kindness toward her with what she believes to be an immoral lifestyle. This disjunction causes her great distress. She decides to seek out a counselor in the University Counseling Center to help her with her decision.

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4 Introduction Angela is a young Black female who is in the formal operational stage. Angela comes from a very close-knit family who are very religious. Angela reported some behavioral issues during high school but was a solid student. Angela was a leader in her church’s youth ministry. Her parents have little educational background besides high school. Angela is the first person in her family to pursue a bachelor’s degree in teaching. Angela is currently in her first year of college at the state university in the south. Angela is currently experiencing issues getting along with her peers. Angela has tension with her current roommate Jen. Angela disapproves of Jens's agnostic ways and outspokenness. Angela believes that Jen lacks a proper moral center. Angela is now considering finding a new roommate and avoids being in the same room as Jen. When the spring semester came around, Angela developed a serious infection. She was confined to her bed and unable to attend her classes. She was unable to care for herself at that time. Jen stepped up and helped Angela in her time of need. Angela is torn about her roommate for the next semester. She is touched by the generosity of Jen and Jens's boyfriend for helping her in her time of need. She is also confused about how they could be good to her even though they did not have a religion that they practiced. Angela is seeking out a counselor at the university center to try and help her with the decision on who should be her roommate next semester. This paper will include an analysis of lifespan theories along with a discussion of the case study. It will analyze Angela and her behavior in Piaget's formal operational stage of life that she is currently in. It will focus on Angela's behavior and interactions with her family and peers. Angela is struggling to figure out who should be her new roommate at college. Her current roommate is agnostic and Angela has deep-rooted religious beliefs that are interfering with her decision on her new roommate for the semester.

5 Case Study Analysis The issue that Angela is facing is that she is torn about her roommate Jen and whether she will keep the same roommate for the following semester. This issue is broader than just a roommate issue. Angela is torn about religion. She is not able to separate what she has learned from the real world. She is deeply religious and feels that people who are not are living sinful lives. Angela's roommate is agnostic. Agnostics believe that it is impossible to know how the universe was created and whether or not divine beings exist. This information contradicts how Angela feels. Angela has a deep-rooted belief in god and was a leader in the youth ministry at her church. Jen is not only agnostic, but she is outspoken about it. When Angela was sick, Jen and her boyfriend helped to take care of Angela. Angela is torn on whether Jen is a good person or not. Angela may benefit from therapy at this stage and with the questions she has (Cook- Cottoned, 2004). Jen being an agnostic and helping Angela is making Angela feel divided on how she feels. She cannot separate religion from how a person interacts with others. Angela is in the stage of her life where she is using more abstract thinking. She makes associations among concrete experiences (Cook-Cottoned, 2004). Angela is making connections with the bigger world. She is able to understand concrete thinking and the experiences that come along with adulthood. Angela is able to have an increased sense of intellect and the ability to use a deductive way of thinking. She is able to understand conceptual thoughts (Ghazi et al., 2014). Angela is starting to be able to understand things with broader concepts. She is able to recognize the internal struggle from what she was taught growing up, vs what she feels as a growing adult.

6 Application of Lifespan Development Theory Piaget's theory of cognitive development indicates that there are 4 stages to cognitive development. They are; the Sensorimotor stage (0–2 years old), the Preoperational stage (2–7 years old), the Concrete operational stage (7–11 years old), and the Formal operational stage (11 years old through adulthood) (Broderick & Blewit, 2019) . Angela is currently in the Formal operational stage 11 years through adulthood. Kohlberg's theory states that moral logic is focused on seeking and maintaining justice (Broderick & Blewit, 2019) . Angela is in Kohlberg's 4 th stage Member-of-Society Perspective. She is more concerned with the order of society and the behaviors of others. The role of moral reasoning skills is supported by both Piaget and Kohlberg (Broderick & Blewitt, 2019) . Angela is having issues with her moral reasoning. Angela’s moral compass is having a hard time. She is having a struggle with her moral rezoning and does not really know what to do or who to turn to. Angela is in the form operational stage according to Piaget. This stage is characterized by the ability to formulate hypotheses. Angela is thinking abstractly and therefore for able to understand the structure of the issue. Piaget’s stages are fluid, and Angela is working her way through the stages (Winstanley, 2023). She is not able to fully understand the issue at hand. Angela would benefit from seeking out counseling from her school or possibly in the community. She needs to talk with someone other than her family whom she is very close. Her family is very religious too and will not be able to be a neutral party that can assist with coming up with a solution to her problem.

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7 Cultural and Personal Challenges to Development Angela has grown tremendously in her life. She was raised very religiously but is now questioning this faze. The older the adult, the more time and practice it takes to attain the same learning gain (Bales et al., 1999). Angela is growing and evolving. The need for culture increases with age (Bales et al., 1999). Angela is learning more and more about the world around her. She has moved away from home to college, and she is finding herself. Sejm is able to set a path and follow her dreams. She is now away from her family and can choose to think how she wants. This disconnect is huge for a lot of college students. They are thrust into a new culture and have to find their way. Angela is having an emotional challenge with understanding that her roommate is different from her. She is starting to understand that her roommate does not believe in God, but is still kind. She is starting to learn that just because someone is different from you does not make them any less. Angela looked down on people who did not hold the same intense religious beliefs as her. She is starting to come out of her shell and learn the world is much bigger than she knew. Angela’s culture growing up would have meant that she was in church most days of the week. Growing up Black and in church would mean that the culture of her family would have been God-focused. Religion in the Black community is huge. If your family is a part of the church, then you are too. You will go to services throughout the week and weekend. The majority of your friends will be from the church. Angela’s family is emerged in the church. The faith that her family has is causing her to have a crisis. Angela is divided between her religion and her life. The most important roles of the church would be to offer a sense of community and moral guidance. The moral guidance that Angela has learned is different that she is experienced with her roommate. Angela has most likely been taught that people who do not believe in God are not

8 good people. This is the reason why Angela is having so much trouble with her roommate. She thinks that she is a bad person due to her religious beliefs, but her actions show differently. Intervention Using Lifespan Developmental Theories Paget’s formal operative stage is age 11- adulthood. During this stage, Angela is learning to find herself (Broderick & Blewit, 2019) . She is learning about the world around her and her belief system. She is learning that people are individuals with their own thoughts and beliefs that can differ from here. Angela is experiencing a logical thinking process. Jen is an agnostic but she also is nice and helps Angela. This fact makes Angela feel torn. She has grown up thinking that people who are not God-centered, cannot possibly be good. Kohlberg’s 6 stages of theory indicate that Angela is in the 4 th stage of development. The stages mainly focus on seeking and maintaining justice (Broderick & Blewit, 2019) . Angela is in the stage where she is focusing on social order and its being maintained. Angela may feel threatened by Jen due to the fact that what she knows is being challenged. It is hard when you grow up one way and then go out into the real world and learn things are not what you thought they were. Angela may have been sheltered and that contributes to her confusion and not understanding the world.

9 Conclusion Angela is a young Black woman who has entered college. She was raised in the church and has deep roots in the church. She was very active and still has communication with her family who are also religious. Angela is struggling in school due to her religious beliefs. She is finding it hard to connect with her roommate Jen due to Jens's agnostic religious views. Jen is outspoken about her views and this makes Angela upset. Angela had a health issue which Jen helped her through. Angela does not know how to feel due to Jen being kind to her which goes against Angela’s beliefs that people who are not religious are not good people. Angela is struggling in the formal operative stage according to Piaget. In this stage, she is learning about herself and the world around her. Angela is finding herself in the 4 th stage of theory according to Kohlberg. Angela may feel threatened in her beliefs due to Jen being kind to her but not believing in God. Angela would benefit from seeking counseling help from a therapist in order to allow her to discuss the issues at hand.

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10 References Baltes, P. B., Staudinger, U. M., & Lindenberger, U. (1999). Lifespan psychology: Theory and Application to intellectual functioning. Annual Review of Psychology, 50 , 471- 507. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.50.1.471 Broderick, P. C., & Blewitt, P. (2019). The Life Span (5th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9780135206157 Cook-Cottone, C. P. (2004). Using Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development to Understand the Construction of Healing Narratives. Journal of College Counseling, 7(2), 177–186. https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1002/j.2161-1882.2004.tb00249.x Ghazi, S. R., Khan, U. A., Shahzada, G., & Ullah, K. (2014). Formal Operational Stage of Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory: An Implication in Learning Mathematics. Journal of Educational Research, 17(2), 71-84. http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F %2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fformal-operational-stage-piagets- cognitive%2Fdocview%2F1786828918%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D27965 Rochat. (2023). The Evolution of Developmental Theories Since Piaget: A Metaview. Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science., 17456916231186611–17456916231186611. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231186611 Winstanley, M. A. (2023). Stages in Theory and Experiment. Fuzzy-Structuralism and Piagetian Stages. Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science, 57(1), 151–173. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1007/s12124-022-09702-7

week 6 child

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