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U07a1 Evaluation of Test Materials, Scoring, and Technology for Three Tests Tasha Robinson Psy7610, Section 30 (Fall, 2023) Capella University Dr. Tara James-Lamonica 1

Abstract In this paper I explored the Becks' Depression Inventory-II, Becks' Hopelessness Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory-II. These scales are used in order to understand if a person has signs of depression and their level of hopelessness. These test have different kits and add ons that can be purchased in order to use the material. In order to buy the needed material you must have certain qualifications such as a Masters Degree. 2

Introduction For unit 2, the three standardized tests I selected were; Becks' Depression Inventory-II, Becks' Hopelessness Scale, and Children's Depression Inventory-II. These scales are used in order to understand if a person has signs of depression and their level of hopelessness. They are available for English speakers. They are self-reporting scales. The Becks' Depression Inventory-II was designed to assess the presence and severity n depressive symptoms. This inventory was designed to measure the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. This is a tool to screen for depression. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 3, based on the severity in the last two weeks. the publisher’s stated purpose is to give a self-reporting inventory that is designed to measure the severity of depression symptomatology. This inventory is used on adolescents and adults. The Becks' Hopelessness Scale measures the extent of the patient's negative attitudes about the future. The scale may be used as an indicator of suicidal risk in depressed people who have made suicide attempts in the past. The scale is from 0-20 with 20 indicating a severe need for immediate support. The publisher’s stated purpose is to measure the negative attitudes of patients about the future. The test takes about 5-10 minutes and is available in Spanish. It is self- administered and also able to be told verbally. The Children's Depression Inventory-II assesses cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents. This scale was created by Maria Kovacs to diagnose depression in children more easily. The publisher’s stated purpose is to give a brief self-reporting test that is able to assess cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and 3

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adolescents. The report is brief and self-reporting. The population for this test is children and adolescents. Evaluation of Test Materials, Costs, and Administration Times The Beck Depression Inventory-II is a brief self-reporting inventory used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms. It comes in different options. The kit comes with the forms in print and digital form. It is $107.10 and comes with a digital manual and a 5Q-global interpretive report in digital form. Another kit you can purchase from the Pearson website is $165.80 and that comes with a printed manual and 25 record forms printed out. For $3.50 you can purchase the interpretive report digitally. You also have the option of 25 printed response sheets for $72. This is also available in Spanish for the same price. Scanable forms are also available for the same price. For $50 you can buy the global scoring subscription for 1 year. This will score unlimited scores per user with an account. For three years it cost $140. There is also the option of purchasing support material. The manual for print is $105.10. The digital copy is the same price. This test is supported in print and digital form. It is for ages 13-80 and takes about 5 minutes to complete. It is self-administered or given verbally by a trained administrator. You have to have qualifications in order to purchase the testing material. Qualification level B is recognized in order to buy the testing materials. Tests may be purchased by individuals with A master's degree in psychology, education, speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, social work, counseling, or in a field closely related to the intended use of the assessment, and formal training in the ethical administration, scoring, and interpretation of clinical assessments. Or Certification by or full active membership in a professional organization (such as ASHA, AOTA, AERA, ACA, AMA, CEC, AEA, AAA, EAA, NAEYC, NBCC, CVRP) that requires training and experience in the relevant area of assessment, Or A degree or license to practice in the healthcare 4

or allied healthcare field, Or Formal, supervised mental health, speech/language, occupational therapy, social work, counseling, and/or educational training specific to assessing children, or in infant and child development, and formal training in the ethical administration, scoring, and interpretation of clinical assessments, Or Work for an accredited institution (Beck et al,. 1996). The Beck Hopelessness Scale is also available for purchase on the Pearson website. The complete printed kit for $165.80 comes with a Manual (Print), 25 Record Forms (Print), and a Scoring Key. You can also purchase the digital starter kit for $107.10. This includes a digital manual and 5 Q-global interpretive reports also digital. For $3.50 you can purchase Q-global Interpretive Administration/Report in digital form and local Interpretive Administration/Report. Then for $72, you can purchase in digital and print form for the same price, 25 BHS Record forms along with local Scannable forms in quantities of 25. For $50 you can purchase BHS Q- global Scoring Subscription 1 Year (Digital) or 3 years for $140. This is all support material for the test (Beck, 1993). The Children's Depression Inventory-II is also available for purchase on the Pearson website. $95 will get you CDI 2 Long Form Quikscore Forms Quantity 25, CDI 2 Short Form Quikscore Forms Quantity 25 (Print), CDI 2 Parent Report Quikscore Forms Quantity 25 (Print) or CDI 2 Teacher Form Quikscore Forms Quantity 25 (Print). For $120 you can purchase the manual under supported material ( Kovac, 2010). Evaluation of Scoring Procedures and Interpretation Guidelines For the Becks Depression Inventory-II, the scale measures the existence and severity of symptoms of depression. It is self-administered and self-reporting. It has 21 items on the scale. It is derived from the Beck Depression Inventory. It is scored on a scale of 0-3 is a list. Four 5

statements are arranged by an increase in the severity of particular symptoms of depression. All of the 21-item questions correlate to a symptom of depression. For the total score of 0–13 is considered minimal range, 14–19 is mild, 20–28 is moderate, and 29–63 is severe. Construct validity was high when compared to the BDI (.93). Administration time: 5 minutes, scoring 1 minute (Beck et al,. 1996). The Beck Hopelessness scale It was created to assess the feeling of hopelessness in people, specifically by looking at three major aspects of hopelessness: A person’s expectations, regarding life, Their feelings about the future, And the loss of motivation. Scorings that range from 0 to 3 are considered within the normal range, 4 to 8 identify mild hopelessness, scores from 9 to 14 identify moderate hopelessness, and scores greater than 14 identify severe hopelessness. The answers are true or false and are self-reporting. A clinician tallies the scores received. It is useful because it is a simple assessment with clear designations (Beck et al,. 1996). The Children Depression Inventory II is used for an initial evaluation and is appropriate when there is a need for a comprehensive assessment and robust description of a child's depressive symptoms. It can aid in early identification of depressive symptoms. It is a 28-item assessment that yields a Total Score, two scale scores (Emotional Problems and Functional Problems), and four subscale scores. It is a c omprehensive evaluation through multi-rater assessments with input from parents, teachers, and self-report ratings. It is a Self–Self-report form that includes Emotional and Functional Problem scales that mirror Teacher and Parent forms. It can be administered by a parent, teacher, or self-reporting. Administration Time Self- Report: 20 Minutes Self-Report (Short): 5 Minutes Parent: 10 Minutes Teacher: 10 Minutes. This inventory is for ages 7-17. You have to have at least a second-grade reading level in order to comprehend the questions Kovac, 2010). 6

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Evaluation of Test Technology The technology used to score the test is pencil and paper. The client takes the test and they are self-reporting. They record their answers on paper. Digital forms are also available in order to use the computer as a source. The client is able to take the tests online and score them electronically. The tests are simple and allow for the client to administer them themselves. For the Depression Inventory-II, it can be self-reporting, depending on the age and capability of the child. 7

References Aaron T. Beck, MD, Robert A. Steer, and Gregory K. Brown. (1996) Beck Depression Inventory. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional- Assessments/Personality-&-Biopsychosocial/Beck-Depression- Inventory/p/100000159.html#products Aaron T. Beck. (1993). Beck Hoplessness Scale. https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional- Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Beck-Hopelessness- Scale/p/100000105.html Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. (1996.) Manual for The Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II). San Antonio: Psychological Corporation. García-Batista, Z. E., Guerra-Peña, K., Cano-Vindel, A., Herrera-Martínez, S. X., & Medrano, L. A. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. PLoS ONE, 13(6), 1–12. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750 Granö, N., Oksanen, J., Kallionpää, S., & Roine, M. (2017). Specificity and sensitivity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale for suicidal ideation among adolescents entering early intervention service. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 71(1), 72–76. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1080/08039488.2016.1227370 Kovac, Maria. (2010). Children's Depression Inventory 2. 8

https://www.pearsonassessments.com/store/usassessments/en/Store/Professional- Assessments/Personality-%26-Biopsychosocial/Children%27s-Depression-Inventory- 2/p/100000636.html Taylor, J. J., Grant, K. E., Amrhein, K., Carter, J. S., Farahmand, F., Harrison, A., Thomas, K. J., Carleton, R. A., Fugo-Hemandez, E., & Katz, B. N. (2014). The Manifestation of Depression in the Context of Urban Poverty: A Factor Analysis of the Children’s Depression Inventory in Low-Income Urban Youth. Psychological Assessment, 26(4), 1317–1332. https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1037/a0037435 Toledano-Toledano, F., & Contreras-Valdez, J. A. (2018). Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) in family caregivers of children with chronic diseases. PLoS ONE, 13(11), 1–3.https://doiorg.library.capella.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0206917 Watson, H. J., Egan, S. J., Limburg, K., & Hoiles, K. J. (2014). Normative data for female adolescents with eating disorders on the Children’s depression inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(6), 666–670. https://doi- org.library.capella.edu/10.1002/eat.22294 9

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