Unit 6 Discussion 1

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Unit 6 Discussion 1 There are a variety of different theories to address the concept of intelligence. These theories were designed to address an individual’s intellect and the possible variables pertaining to intelligence within the cognitive thought process. Spearman created the two-factor theory which deemed intelligence has two factors, which are general intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s) (Cohen, 2021). General intelligence was used by the brain for problem solving. Specific abilities determine the output of general intelligence. Lastly, irrelevant factors (e) were designated as unknown and unpredictable variables which could negatively impact general intelligence and specific abilities. Cattell and Horn added onto Spearman’s theory which discussed two factors of intelligence, designated as general fluid intelligence (Gf) and general crystallized intelligence (Gc). General fluid intelligence is known as the working memory of the cognitive thought process. General crystallized intelligence may decline as age increases and may increase depending upon positive or negative experiences throughout a lifetime (Cohen, 2021). Luria’s view on information processing created the two unique styles of receiving information over time. It mainly focuses upon how the information is absorbed. Individuals receiving information by a parallel manner take in and receive the information at one time. Individuals receiving information by a sequential manner take in and receive the information in subsequent periods, not all at once (Cohen, 2021). Carroll developed the three-stratum theory which summarized intelligence with three levels, consisting of broad, general, and narrow, all three of which defined cognitive abilities. The focus of this theory is the hierarchy of cognitive abilities, and which has more input on daily life and higher thought processes to problem solve. A combination of Carroll’s theory and Cattell-Horn’s theory is called the CHC model (Cohen, 2021). The Wechsler Intelligence Scale was a test designed for children to cross examine nonintellectual factors leading to the development of intellectual design. However, this test was unfortunately administered improperly to individuals across a wide range of various cultures. The test had to be redone and readministered for valid results (Cohen, 2021). The Kaufman Assessment Battery was developed to measure the cognitive ability of children, ranging from ages 3 years of age to 18 years of age. The beginnings of this test had Luria’s information processing theory tied into its development, yet Kaufman designed his assessment with two objectives of measurement. Kaufman wanted to observe the differences between simultaneous and successive processing information (Cohen, 2021). The Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale has five varying editions and measures the intelligence of individuals from two years of age to eighty-five years of age, and may go older depending on the test taker. There are ten subsets of this test which in turn produce a detailed measurement of an individual’s IQ (Cohen, 2021). The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities has four editions, the latest of which implements the CHC model theory and measures general fluid intelligence and general

crystalized intelligence separately and together to understand information processing in cognitive thought (Cohen, 2021). For my occupation as a professor, I can see some of these tests being of merit to help with diagnosis of disabilities, but unfortunately, I doubt I will ever give one in my course since I teach science courses. However, the results of an IQ test or how an individual’s cognitive thought process works may help in implementing an accommodation plan for a disabled student. References Cohen, R. J. (2021). Psychological Testing and Assessment (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781264169207 Professional Goals/Interests There is no use for these types of tests as I may work in the mental health field, but I have never worked with IQ tests. I can see where it can be in other fields like accessing that a child is hitting their milestones. However, for my job as a therapist, I do not find IQ tests useful.

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