Unit 2 Discussion 1

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Unit 2 Discussion 1 Scales of Measurement Nominal Scale: “Disability” is an example of health status in educational psychology circles. This is due to the instructor requiring medical documentation to provide accommodation in college courses. Disability documentation provides a method of identification in the higher education setting, with no intrinsic order (Barnard-Brak et al., 2010). Ordinal Scale: The type of disability is an example of severity in the educational psychology setting which suits this construct of tests and measurements. This is due to the disability office services identifying the stated needs of the individual from a medical professional for the classroom. Depending upon the severity of the disability, the student may require lesser or greater accommodation in the college course (Barnard-Brak et al., 2010). Interval Scale: When concerning the various types of disabilities, one potential construct is a range on the continuum, with no possibility of zero, might be a level of movement for those who are physical disabled and a level of depression for those who are mentally disabled. For example, there is no true zero for movement, and no true zero for depression, only levels with certain gaps in-between them (Bourdon et al., 2020). Ratio Scale: In the college setting, there is a good example of ratio when concerning age. There are students with disabilities that range in age from high school to middle age in the course rooms. Many universities use age when a survey is given to have meaningful insight from students from a younger or older population. This is also true when pertaining to disabilities, for an individual who is younger or older may have different outlooks based upon their studies (Bourdon et al., 2020). Educational Psychology Methods My specialization is educational psychology at the college level, so there are various possibilities of constructs to be used. However, if I chose one construct, I would select a measurement of skills learned in lab since I am in the science department for a criteria reference test of measurement, and a norm reference would be a unit examination (Cohen, 2021). For my profession, it would be difficult to choose just one of these tests of measurements, due to the different types of students I work with daily. True, since I am a deaf professor, I do have more disabled students than I do non-disabled, so therefore, I must try my best to chose accordingly for the whole class. However, those who have accommodations in place may better from a norm or a criterion, based upon the disability (Becker et al., 2002). There are several different types of norms for test of measurements. Any of these would be appliable at the college level. An age norm would consider the entire class, with the span of varying ages. An example that could be viewed here is the age of the student and the given examination (Cohen, 2021). If an individual has a mental disability which makes examinations difficult, one might view betterment with an individual who does not have such issues (Becker et al., 2002). The typical grade norm is a scale of letters which ranges from passing to failing, or a simple satisfactory or unsatisfactory at the college level. This measures the student’s performance compared to the others in the classroom. However, there are limitations to this type of norm, just like with the others, since it does not view the content which was answered incorrectly (Cohen et al., 2021). National norms consider the entire population at the time of the testing. A popular method is a standardized testing for public schools, but unfortunately, this type
of testing compares to the previous testing scores from the same area, but different individuals at the time (Cohen, 2021). Local norms are a denser sample population instead of national, since the area is constricted. Yet, this may lead to a skewed result since some populations may have poorer backgrounds, unexperienced teachers, or the opposite, since the area could be influenced by the low, middle, or rich income class (Cohen, 2021). Subgroup norms are those within the entire population which may be viewed as those who will benefit or not from an implemented treatment. Yet, this type of testing may, unfortunately, have false positives or false negatives based upon the group flourishing or diminishing (Coehn, 2021). Lastly, percentile norms look at the high or low scores of students than the individuals in the entire sample, but are not interval scores, therefore may not be added, subtracted, or compared to one another since there is no equality (Cohen, 2021). References Barnard-Brak, L., Lechtenberger, D., & Lan, W. Y. (2010). Accommodation strategies of college students with disabilities . The Qualitative Report , 15 (2), 411–429. 10.46743/2160- 3715/2010.1158 B ecker, M., Martin, L., Wajeeh, E., Ward, J., & Shern, D. (2002). Students with mental illnesses in a university setting: Faculty and student attitudes, beliefs, knowledge, and experiences. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal , 25 (4), 359–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0095001 Bourdon, J. L., Moore, A. A., Long, E. C., Kendler, K. S., & Dick, D. M. (2020). The relationship between on-campus service utilization and common mental health concerns in undergraduate college students. Psychological Services , 17 (1), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000296.supp Cohen, R. J. (2021). Psychological Testing and Assessment (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US). https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9781264169207
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