language and communication

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Victorian Institute of Technology *

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ECCDD202A

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Psychology

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Assessment 1– Eassy Student Name: Mansi Student Id: 900005565 Teacher’s Name: Anna Papoutsakis Due Date: 20/8/23 Word Count: 1790 excluding all references Student id :900005565

The development of language skills is crucial key component for early childhood education. Language plays crucial role for holistically development of children. Language is base to form literacy and develop communication skills . To promote and nurture this development its is necessary for educators to understand how children acquire and understand language. This essay will highlights relevance of two language theories , Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory on language which explains about scaffolding, zone of proximal development, and Jean Piaget’s language constructive theory which explains about different stages cognitive development such as, schema, accommodation, assimilation and equilibrium . and why it is necessary for early childhood educators to understand these theories . Along with this, essay will examine key components of oral language which are phonological component, syntactic component, semantic component, pragmatic component and necessity of play based learning for the growth of oral language . Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory purposed children’s language and cognitive development emerges when children acquires language through interaction with more knowledgeable people such as, parents, educators, through various experience (Garvis et al., 2019, ) Vygotsky considers language as a crucial instrument for communication and he also emphasised on crucial role of language for cognitive development. Children starts developing problem solving skills and way of thinking through social interaction and observing all the adults around them. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) was introduced by Vygotsky’s which specifies the range of tasks a youngster can complete with assistance from a more experienced person ( Saracho , N. O. 2023 ). A guided learning technique called instructional scaffolding pairs a student with a teacher to ais in their learning. The educator should be more skilled than the student in performing the task or going through the process, but they should also be aware of the students’ level and how to work with it. Example of instructional scaffolding methods include working one-on- one the learner, giving examples, employing visual aids and providing feedback . the goal of scaffolding is to establish a setting where children can feel safe asking questions up until they are able to perform the skills on their own. Scaffolding has several advantages such as helping the learner become more motivated by guiding them through challenging parts of a task reducing learner frustration. In the classroom methods of educating children in accordance with their aptitude level are frequently referred as “scaffolding”. These methods involves having a teacher arrange the learning before gradually reducing their influence over time. This enables students to study the material within their zone of proximal development and then prepare for performing it independently or taking on a challenge of a higher level ( Gowrie New South Wale) . Student id :900005565

On the other side Jean Piaget suggest that, Language is one of the ability which develops through cognitive maturation. (Fellow & Okaley 2020). The various phases and elements of children's cognitive development were described by Piaget which are schema , three process of adaptation and four stages of cognitive development. Schema is creating folders and keeping information in each folder that can be any object, event etc. while in assimilation child use the previous schema to new information. Whereas, Accommodation is when A alternative strategy must be used when an existing schema does not fit the circumstance or experience. In Piaget's view, children discover order in the environment through absorption. They reach a state of equilibrium when they can organise incoming information using their pre-existing schemas. Apart from that, another four stages of cognitive development are sensorimotor birth to two years in which children starts to learn through senses, preoperational stage two to seven where children behaviour is egocentric, concrete operational stage from age seven to eleven where logic development starts and children starts organize their thinking and fourth stage is formal operational stage from age twelve and up where children starts to developing hypothetical ideas . Jean Piaget’s theory assist educators to understand the connection between a child's cognitive and linguistic development. In order to promote effective learning, they create communication and literacy exercises that are compatible with a child's cognitive level such as, during sensory motor stage educators arrange sensory play, objects, toys and children get to learn about object permanence, provide imaginative play opportunities in preoperational stage. (Gowrie New South Wale) . Language is presented orally through speech and Oral languages has only two modes one is expressive mode and another one is receptive mode. Its is crucial to support children in both modes of development. Expressive mode allows person to speak, interpret their message, idea, express their intentions into language. Whereas, Receptive mode allows person to listen and understand information conveyed through oral form of language. In this listener decode message received from speaker in their language and assimilate information they have received. Furthermore, spoken language consist of four components which are phonological component, syntactic component, semantic component, pragmatic component. (Fellowes and Oakley, 2020 ). Firstly, the different sound units utilized in speaking are included in the phonological part of language . These consist of intonation ( the rise and fall of the pitch), stress (the emphasis given to certain syllables in the phrase) and phenome ( individual. Sound units that are utilized to build words). All the languages have their own phonemes , while English language have 44 to 46 phonemes( Fellowes and Oakley, 2020 ). Secondly, The grammar of the language is referred as syntactic component of the language. It entails applying guidelines for words arrangement to create coherent sentence. For example , “Kate tossed the red ball to jack” is accepted as syntactically valid , but “Threw the red ball Kate to Jake “is not syntactically valid. In order for communication to be effective , both the speaker and listener must understand the grammar rules for word distribution inside phrase . Same as syntactic , Morphology is also another concept of grammar that deals with how words can be changed to create new words with varying degrees of meaning. The process involves a set of principles for changing a base word by appending an affix such as, how “laugh” word can utilize to create terms, “laughable, “laughs” or “laughter”. (Fellows & Oakley, 2020). Thirdly, The semantic component is referred to meaning . it is understanding and construction of meaning of sentence whether its single sentence, multiple sentences or either individual word. Fourthly, the pragmatic component of language means to approach a situation in a Student id :900005565

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reasonable or practical manner as opposed to a theoretical one. The pragmatic dimension of the language , which is concerned with how individual use language in various social and cultural settings, carries over that meaning. The ability to use language for various purpose such as, greeting, making requests, issuing demands, is necessary for competence with the pragmatic component of language (Fellows & Oakley, 2020). Play is way for children to engage with their surroundings and environment, play allows children to explore their interest and develop their cognitive, motor, speech, language and social – emotional skills. Through variety of play activities children learn to explore, create and develop problem solving skills . children’s play abilities alter as they grow and mature(Oddo, J.M., & Castleberry, L. (2013). communication reading, writing, and thinking are all encouraged in a play-based learning environment. educators employ a range of techniques to aid with child's acquisition of knowledge and comprehension of concepts. These can be taught directly and reinforced and practised through play (Caven, M. (2022) . Children can benefit from both unstructured and supervised play. Play that is child-directed, voluntary, and flexible is referred to as free play. Children take on roles and act out sociodramatic events during pretend play. this kind of play has social, emotional, and developmental benefits; children learn social skills by re-enacting new scenarios and resolving relationships and conflicts with their peers. ((Caven, M. (2022)) . Given that guided play suggests a more active role for educator , there are four types of guided play such as , inquiry play According to children’s own interests, children start enquiry play. To encourage children's exploration and investigation, teachers step in by posing pointed questions and providing resources. A teacher could, for instance, supply soil and seeds after observing that children have set up a makeshift flower store, prompt pupils to think about the distinctions between cactus, flowers, and vegetables, and allow for the exploration of shapes, colours, and patterns through floral arrangements made of cloth. Another play , is collaboratively designed play that is created jointly gives teachers and children equal influence. Together, they choose the play's setting, topics, and materials, discuss about it. Teachers and students might, for instance, determine that a certain location in the classroom should be a flower shop, a doctor's office, or an airport, and they might then discuss together what is required to make that environment. In this situation, children are in charge of the play, but just like with enquiry play, the instructor steps in to further the lesson. Furthermore, playful learning When specialised academic abilities cannot be acquired through other forms of play, playful learning might be helpful. Teachers can provide a playful atmosphere for skill practise in this primarily teacher-directed method. By filling out order forms for their make-believe flower business, for instance, students can practise addition and writing. Additionally , learning through play, Children who participate in learning via play games that have set rules to help them learn academic material. As teachers choose games that focus on developing particular skills, this play is generally teacher-directed. Go Fish or Zingo, for example, might be introduced by a teacher to help students learn how to recognise numbers ((Caven, M. (2022)). Apart from this , another ways for language developments are sing songs with children such as “twinkle stars”, reading books together, provide opportunities for repetition such as, children likes to read same book on daily basis which exposes children to wide range of vocabulary, synonyms, sentences. ( Oddo, J.M., & Castleberry, L. (2013) Student id :900005565

To conclude, Early childhood educators plays crucial role for fostering and shaping children’s language, communication and literacy skills. Vygotsky’s and Jean Piaget’s theory provides insightful understanding on how process of language acquisition fits together with the cognitive development. Understanding these theories assists educators to provide appropriate scaffolding, design relevant learning environment, and adjust instructions to a student’s cognitive level. Furthermore, the identifying and examine oral components such as, phonemes, syntax, pragmatic and sematic, along with implementing play based learning to strengthen children’s linguistic and social skills creates a strong foundation for development of academic skills and lifelong communication skills . Student id :900005565

Reference list Caven, M. (2022, July 06). Prioritizing play: The importance of play-based learning in the early education. https://ies.ed.gov.au Department of Education Government of Western Australia. Importance of play - based learning . www.education.wa.edu.au/play-based-learning Gowrie NSW. Piaget’s theory and stage of cognitive development. https://www.gowriensw.com.au . Gowrie NSW. Lev Vygotsky’s theory of child development. https://www.gowriensw.com.au Fellows, J., & Oakley, J.(2020). Language literacy &Early childhood education (3 rd ed). Oxford University Press. Gowrie NSW. Piaget’s theory and stage of cognitive development. https://www.gowriensw.com.au . Gowrie NSW. Lev Vygotsky’s theory of child development. https://www.gowriensw.com.au Garvis , S., Phillipson, S., Clarke, S., Harrison L., McCormack, J., & Pendergast, D.(2019). Child development and learning . Oxford University Press. Saracho, N.O. (2023). Theories of child development and their impact on early childhood education and care. Early Childhood Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01271-5 Oddo, J.M., & Castleberry, L. (2013). The importance of play in the development of language skills . https://www.theministryofparenting.com/wp- Student id :900005565

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