PSYC 512 Content Summary Attraction

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PSYC 512

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Feb 20, 2024

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ATTRACTION 1 Content Summary: Attraction Chris Webb Department of Behavioral Sciences, Liberty University PSYC 512: Social Psychology Dr. Tracy Gomez April 23, 2023

ATTRACTION 2 Introduction Attraction is a universal topic that fascinates people around the world. Although individuals are born without anything, people are born with an automatic attraction to others (Kassin et al., 2021). In chapter 9 of Kassin et al. (2021), they discussed how individuals form relationships with each other. Chapter 10 of Kassin et al. (2021) explores the topic of helping others. They broke down the topic into four questions; Why do people help? When do people help? Who is likely to help? And whom do people help? Chadee (2022) explores one of the most common theories in social psychology in chapter 7; Social Comparison Theory. Within the discussion about Festinger’s Social Comparison Theory, they discussed the foundations, reasoning, and outcomes behind social comparison. A research study by Rand et al. (2016) seeks to find how a person’s gender affects the role of intuition and deliberation in altruism. Leary et al. (2015) discussed how specific situations inflicted solid emotional reactions from individuals that break social norms. Summary Points Social Exchange Theory According to Kassin et al. (2021), the Social Exchange Theory is the perspective that views people as motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs in their relationships with others. Leary et al. (2015) applied this theory to their study in which they tested how an individual’s strong reaction to a simple travel event breaks social exchange rules. Altruistic Kassin et al. (2021) define altruism as the act of putting another individual's needs before oneself. In a research study by Rand et al. (2016), they sought to take a deeper dive into the topic

ATTRACTION 3 of altruism and look at the role that intuition and deliberation play in it. They also attempted to find how the individual’s gender had a role in the theory. Identity Fusion Identity Fusion is the shared sense of identity within a group (Kassin et al., 2021). In chapter 7 of Chadee (2022), they explain the Social Comparison Theory and the mechanisms within. When an individual conducts an upward social comparison to another individual, they wish they could be part of the group that the other individual is in. Individuals often use it as a motivational factor to achieve the goals of the other individual (Chadee, 2022). Conclusion The topics of Social Exchange Theory, Altruistic, and Identity Fusion are are important concepts of areas of attraction and helping others. Social Exchange Theory is the act of making sure the benefits of a relationship outweigh the costs. Altruism is the action of putting another individual’s needs before oneself. Identity Fusion in the fusion of beliefs with another group of individuals. Although each topic is different in its way, each is critical to the understanding of an individuals’attraction and urge to help others.

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ATTRACTION 4 References Chadee, D. (Ed.). (2022). Theories in social psychology (2nd ed., pp. 203–204). John Wiley & Sons. Kassin, S., Fein, S., & Markus, H. R. (2021). Social psychology (11th ed., pp. 4-47). Cengage. Leary, M. R., Diebels, K. J., Jongman-Sereno, K. P., & Fernandez, X. D. (2015). Why seemingly trivial events sometimes evoke strong emotional reactions: the role of social exchange rule violations. The Journal of Social Psychology, 155(6), 559–575. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2015.1084985 Rand, D. G., Brescoll, V. L., Everett, J. A. C., Capraro, V., & Barcelo, H. (2016). Social heuristics and social roles: Intuition favors altruism for women but not for men. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145(4), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000154.supp (Supplemental)

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