Psychoanalytic theory

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Feb 20, 2024

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Journal # 1 Department of Counseling, New England College COUN 5510 Counseling Theories and Techniques January 20, 2024 The evidence-based theory I chose to reflect on was Freud‘s psychoanalytic theory. This theory divides human awareness into three principles of conscious, unconscious, and preconscious thought. Although this theory had certain flaws, which will be discussed later, Freud focused on the emotional upsets, and how these cause physical symptoms, and if you can identify psychological cues for the symptoms this provides a means in which to reduce the symptoms the client is experiencing. Focus on childhood experiences can affect the formative aspects of a person’s personality development. This theory’s approach uses techniques and strategies to illustrate how a client’s unconscious thoughts and defenses form early in life which affect behavior patterns, relationships, and overall mental health (Smith, 2019). I think the benefit of this theory’s approach to counseling where the focus is on the client’s self-awareness and self-examination of present and past issues, painful memories or past trauma provides reduction in their anxiety or depression. As their therapist I would provide a safe environment by being empathetic and non-judgmental realizing that the client may be under more distress by reliving painful memories. As with other theories, not all theories help all people and cultures. This particular theory is time-consuming and can be expensive. The client would have to realize that answers don’t come quickly and that they would need to invest their time and energy for this type of counseling therapy. After reading more about multiculturalism, specifically racial identity, made me think more about how I identify myself, and how others perceive me. I really didn’t think of myself in

terms of being a specific race. I grew up in Poland, where it is predominantly white, and Catholic. I had a vague memory as a three-year-old, when going to my doctor for a physical that he was a black man who spoke Polish. I remember saying to my mother, “why is he black?” He was different to me and as a child, I had never seen a person like that before. My mother quickly corrected my behavior to respect adults, and that skin color is no different from who we are as people. She was instilling into me, that people are not to be judged by how they look or how they speak. Furthermore, we were taught in school to respect all people equally. My first real challenge to my own racial identity, and how it related to my world was when I came from Poland to the United States as an 18-year-old. I had to go to ESL school for two years to learn English as a second language. This school was a cultural melting pot of different people who had come to the United States as immigrants from a variety of countries. I came from Poland knowing very little English, speaking Polish, whereas other people my age had come from various countries, such as Puerto Rico, Jordan, and South Africa to name a few. I realized the world was much bigger than I and learned about the different cultures as well. It was at this time that I realized the inequalities within certain societies, especially the treatment of women in certain societies that I did not feel was right. Such as certain societies that allow men to have many wives, and that they would treat these women poorly which was accepted within their society. Skin color was not relevant, it was the gender and hierarchy of the male in that society that made the difference. I met a woman from Jordan who told me about how young girls 16 years or younger, had arranged marriages condoned by their parents. I remember coming to America being surprised to see a black woman driving a city bus. In Poland only men drove city buses, so to see a female in that role was very surprising to me.

I began to realize the differences in power and privilege that not only gender dictated how you were seen in society, but how the color of your skin also dictated the privileges or lack of opportunities offered to you. Therapist should demonstrate their sensitivities to multicultural counseling to better understand their patients struggles with cultural issues, racism and other experiences. Having this multicultural perspective strengthens the psychoanalytic counseling with the ability to explore the person's behavior its underlying causes and any cultural or social influences that may affect the person's behavior. (APA, 2003) These cultural norms can have a major impact on the way people seek power and factors determining what is considered problematic in a given culture that may require medical intervention. It's very important as a therapist to have an awareness of issues that may be important when making clinical assessments and diagnosis of people from different cultures or those people marginalized in our society. Also, implementing a therapy plan is dependent on how I present the plan and how the client is included in the plan for it to be successful. Knowing that within any community, the availability of therapy within marginalized groups is limited, I would be very cognizant of costs, benefits and available resources for the client and would have ongoing adjustments made during our therapy. I believe that flexibility is key to building a therapeutic rapport especially when working with a client’s reactions to current life, stressors, such as death in a family or other traumatic events they may be going through. The future of psychoanalytic theory and practice and the future of culturally competent practice rely on the active interchange across frameworks. The voices of therapists, clients, students, educators, and communities that experience social marginalization are at the crux of diversity issues, and, as such, cultural competence and psychoanalytic ideas are likely to be better integrated once these voices are heard and “mainstreamed.” (Altman, 2010).

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References American Psychological Association. (2003). Multicultural guidelines: Education, research, and practice. American Psychologist, 58, 377–402. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.5.377 Altman, N. (2010). The analyst in the inner city: Race, class, and culture through a psychoanalytic lens (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Routledge Smith, E.(2019, September 19). Psychoanalytic Therapy: Definition, Techniques & Goals, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2024, January 20 from https:// www.healthyplace.com Weaknesses and strengths of psychoanalysis – report example. IvyPanda. (n.d.). https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-psychoanalytic-theory-strengths-and-weaknesses/

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