H.W 2

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University of California, Berkeley *

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C115C

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Question 1 . Define a “Fixed Action Pattern” and list its characteristic properties. Find and describe a novel example of a FAP. (2 pts) - A fixed action pattern is a prediction of an action or series of actions triggered by a stimulus ( biological or nonbiological from the environment). It is a behavior that is more complex than just an instinct or reflex, it is however not taught but rather species are “programmed” to engaged in that fixed pattern of action when the stimulus is presented. - FAP can be seen with the the Bee waggle dance involving a series of movements, indicating the direction and distance of the food source from the hive. This innate behavior that is hardwired into the bee's nervous system and is triggered in response to the discovery of a new food source. The fixed and stereotyped nature of the waggle dance makes it a novel example of a fixed action pattern in animal behavior? Question 2 . What did Edward Tolman show? Explain why the form of spatial navigation that he described could not be explained by associate learning. Can you think of another form of spatial navigation that could be explained by associate learning? (3 pts) - Edward Tolman showed latent learning and cognitive maps through his experiments involving rats navigating through mazes. He proposed a cognitive explanation for learning. Tolman's research demonstrated that rats were not just forming simple stimulus-response associations to reach a reward in a maze. Instead, he argued that they were creating mental

maps of the maze and developing a cognitive understanding of the spatial layout. - Another form of spatial navigation that could be explained by associative learning could be how animals such as cats learn to associate a particular cue with a particular location or direction such as where their litter box is.

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