Behavior Modification Project

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Feb 20, 2024

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1 Behavior Modification Project: Research Paper Kritzia B. Rivera School of Behavioral Science, Liberty University PSY 320: Behavior Modification Dr. Deborah Newman November 13, 2013

2 Behavior Modification Project: Research Paper The following study will be used to decrease the times the subject hits the snooze button in the morning on workdays. The subject understands that hitting the snooze button creates a problem with her having to rush in the morning preventing her from completing other important tasks that will have to be completed at the end of the day. The focus of the study will be to describe the target behavior, discuss previous research conducted on such behavior and the treatment used to modify it. The Behavior The dictionary defines the snooze button as “a button on an alarm clock that stops and resets the alarm for a short time later to allow for more rest” (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). Pressing the snooze button or snoozing has been a common part of waking up since the earliest delayed alarm mechanism button were patented back in the 1950’s (Sundelin et al., 2023). The snooze function varies from five to ten minutes, but most people use their phones as an alarm and the function, specifically for the iPhone is 9 minutes. The participant recognizes that this is a behavior that negatively impacts her quality of life, especially her mood. She also recognizes that the time that she chooses to stay in bed, sometimes one or two hours more, could be used to do things like spending time praying or reading the bible as well as exercising in the morning. The participant is in the military and is required to maintain a certain percentage of body fat as well as an optimal physical fitness. Since the participant has a family to take care of, and is a fulltime student, sometimes spending time in the word of God and exercise take a back seat. The participant wishes to change her behavior of pressing the snooze button and instead using those two hours to take care of her spiritual and physical health. She believes that modifying this behavior would benefit her greatly and will improve her way of life, especially her mood, sleep

3 schedule and her physical health as well as alleviate the stress of getting all her tasks accomplish before the day is over. A study published in Frontiers of Physiology showed that exercising in the morning reduced abdominal fat and blood pressure, as well as improved mood in women (Arciero et al., 2022). Other than the way that snoozing affects the participant, it is important to mention the negative physiological effects of restarting the sleep cycle every 9 minutes. “The onset of sleep begins with wakefulness and progresses rapidly to REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep by approximately 60 to 90 minutes” (Feriante & Araujo, 2023). Which means that every time we hit the button, we are starting a process that is supposed to last at least an hour. A study published on The Journal of Psychological Anthropology conducted a survey in which they asked participants if they use the snooze function, and the majority admitted using the tool daily mainly to reduce the anxiety about oversleeping. While the study indicated no difference in the sleep quality before awakening, it did show that the last 20 minutes of sleep were affected, prolonging sleep inertia, which is the feeling of disorientation and grogginess and decline in mood after awakening from sleep (Ogawa et al., 2022). The Treatment Introduce the method. In this case we will be using extinction Conclusion 4-6 sentences to summarize

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5 References Miltenberger, R. G. (2015). Behavior Modifications: Principles and procedures (6th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage. Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Snooze button. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 7, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/snooze%20button Sundelin, T., Landry, S., & Axelsson, J. (2023). Is snoozing losing? Why intermittent morning alarms are used and how they affect sleep, cognition, cortisol, and mood. Journal of Sleep Research, Article e14054. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.14054 Arciero, P. J., Ives, S. J., Mohr, A. E., Robinson, N., Escudero, D., Robinson, J., Rose, K., Minicucci, O., O’Brien, G., Curran, K., Miller, V. J., He, F., Norton, C., Paul, M., Sheridan, C., Beard, S., Centore, J., Dudar, M., Ehnstrom, K., … Yarde, A. (2022). Morning exercise reduces abdominal fat and blood pressure in women; evening exercise increases muscular performance in women and lowers blood pressure in men. Frontiers in Physiology , 13 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.893783 Feriante, J., & Araujo, J. F. (2023). Physiology, REM sleep - statpearls - NCBI bookshelf . PubMed. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531454/ Ogawa, K., Kaizuma-Ueyama, E., & Hayashi, M. (2022). Effects of using a snooze alarm on sleep inertia after morning awakening. Journal of Physiological Anthropology , 41 (1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00317-w

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