3.06Senses (1)

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NERVOUS SYSTEM: SPECIAL SENSES LAB In this lab, you will investigate the behavior of the human nervous system and make observations of the special senses. Activity 1: Touch Receptors (worth 10 points total) 1. List four sensations detected by the tactile receptors in the skin (1) Vibration (2) Pain (3) Temperature (4) Pressure 2. Get a volunteer to touch each of these locations on your body using the same pressure. Close your eyes and rank how sensitive each area is from 1 (low sensitivity) to 5 (high sensitivity). Put your rankings in the chart. Touch Receptors Location Rank the concentration of receptors (Low:1-High:5) Fingertip 4 Heel of hand 5 Forearm 3 Elbow 1 Back of neck 3 Answer this question: A. What can you conclude about the density of touch receptors in your skin? I can conclude that there are more touch receptors in some areas of the skin leading to different areas being more sensitive. For example, the fingertips are more sensitive than the elbow meaning they have more touch receptors.

Activity 2: Vision (worth 15 points total) 1. Label the parts of the eye in the picture. The choices are optic nerve, cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and retina. (1) iris (2) pupil (3) lens (4) cornea (5) retina (6) optic nerve 2. Test the age of your eyes. a. Hold a pencil or ballpoint pen vertically at arm's length. b. Close your left eye and focus on the tip. c. Quickly bring the pencil closer to your eye until it is out of focus. d. Have your partner measure the distance between your eye and the pencil. e. Repeat for both eyes. f. Try it with and without glasses (if you wear glasses). Age of your Eyes Cm 9 10 13 18 50 83

Age 10 20 30 40 50 60 Answer these questions: a. What was the "age" of your eyes? Right without glasses 40, with glasses 20 Left without glasses 40, with glasses 20 b. How does this compare to your actual age? My actual age is 16. So with my glasses, my eyes’ age is fairly accurate but without my glasses, my eyes are much older. c. Use your notes from this lesson to describe how the eye processes what it sees. The eyes receive information in the form of light. The iris controls the amount of light let in by contracting and relaxing. The image you see is then focused onto the lens which focuses it onto the retina. However, when the image is focused onto the retina it is upside down. The retina then converts the light to nerve impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain, where your brain turns the image right side up. d. Using what you know about eyesight and image processing, why can age affect the function of the eyes? Age can affect the function of the eyes, because as you age parts of your eyes may deteriorate, or not work as well. For example, if the lens of your eye begins to not function as well, this could affect the focus of the image you see, thus impairing your eyesight. Activity 3: Hearing and Balance (worth 15 points total) 1. Label the parts of the ear in the picture. The choices are ear canal, oval window, cochlea, pinna, tympanic membrane, ear ossicles, cochlear nerve, semicircular canals, and Eustachian tube. (1) pinna (2) ear canal (3) tympanic membrane (4) ear ossicles (5) oval window (6) cochlea (7) semicircular canals (8) cochlear nerve (9) eustachian tube

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2. Test your sense of balance. a. Stand upright with your partner nearby in case you fall. b. Have your partner record the length and quality of your attempts c. Bend your right leg and hold your foot in your right hand. d. Balance like this as long as you can (minimum 30 seconds). e. Try the same pose, but close both of your eyes. f. Again, have your partner nearby recording your attempts. g. Balance for as long as possible. h. Try the same pose, but close your eyes and tilt your head back slowly. i. Again, have your partner nearby recording your attempts. j. Balance for as long as possible. Balance Stance Time (min.) Stability

Standing on one foot 2min high One foot, eyes closed 1min moderate One foot, eyes closed, head back 45 sec low Answer these questions: 1. Which stance made it the hardest to balance? Why do you think that is? The hardest stance to balance in was the last one. Balance depends on information your brain receives from your eyes and inner ear. By closing my eyes and tilting my head back, I inhibited both my vision and my inner ear, by causing the fluid within the inner ear to move, making it extremely difficult to balance. 2. How much of an impact does your inner ear have on your sense of balance? Your inner ear has a huge impact on your balance. When the fluid inside your inner ear moves tiny hair within the cochlea, called cilia, act as motion sensors and send information to the brain. So, the inner ear is very important when you are trying to balance because it allows your brain to tell where your body is in space and how to adjust it to keep you balanced. Activity 4: Taste and Smell (worth 15 points total) 1. Your tongue has a variety of receptors capable of tasting different types of flavors. Pick four liquids to test for taste and a volunteer. Use the picture provided to "map out" your taste buds. A. Obtain a few sterile swabs.

B. Pipet a small amount of each solution into separate test tubes or cups but don't let your volunteer know what liquids you are using ahead of time. C. Using one solution at a time, dip a swab and run it along your volunteer's tongue. D. Record where your volunteer is able to taste each solution and what it tastes like. E. Now repeat the process again, this time have your volunteer plug his or her nose during the tasting. 2. Label where on your tongue you tasted each of the following: SALTY BITTER SWEET SOUR Taste Types of Liquid Taste Type Location on the tongue Taste Type with nose plugged Location on the tongue with nose plugged syrup sweet tip sweet tip vinegar bitter back bitter back Soy sauce salty front salty middle Lemon juice sour sides sour middle

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3. Use your lesson notes to explain the results for the taste sensations in each of the regions of your tongue? Papillae all over your tongue allow you to taste. They have taste receptor cells bundled together and we call these bundles taste buds. Different parts of the mouth may have taste buds that taste a certain flavor more strongly than others which leads to different tastes being concentrated in different areas of the mouth. 4. Can you explain why it may be more difficult to map taste with your nose plugged? It may be more difficult to map taste with your nose plugged because smell is an important component of being able to taste. Smells can be fumes or vapors, these then travel into your nasal cavity where they are detected by olfactory sensors. These sensors then transmit a message to the brain in the form of a nerve impulse allowing you to smell. When blocking your nose, your olfactory sensors are no longer able to detect smells and thus cannot aid in tasting. Documentation: Materials: During: Before Cleanup:

After Cleanup:

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