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1 Positive and Negative Punishment: Similarities and Differences Ashanti Unaka Capella University PSY7708 Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis Professor Bryan Blair August 20th, 2023

2 Positive and Negative Punishment: Similarities and Differences How is positive punishment and negative punishment similar? Both Positive and negative punishment decrease behaviors in the future. Punishment is when a person engages in a behavior, and it’s immediately followed by a consequence that makes it less likely for the individual to engage in the behavior again. Punishment cannot be defined based on whether the consequence was unfavorable, unpleasant or aversive. Only if the consequence decreases the behavior in the future can it be considered punishment. How is positive punishment and negative punishment different? Positive punishment is when an aversive stimulus is added into the environment to decrease behavior. Negative punishment is when a desired stimulus is removed from the environment to decrease behavior. It’s ideal to use punishment procedures when you are looking to decrease behaviors. Examples of Negative Punishment Example One Contingency Diagram Antecedent : Tommy is presented with a science exam Behavior : Tommy throws away his test science test and flips a chair. Consequence : Tommy is removed from the class and asked not to return. He has to retake the class at the end of the semester. Direction of Behavior in the Future: Behavior of throwing away test and flipping chairs will decrease in the future. Behavioral Principle: Negative punishment

3 Example Two Contingency Diagram Antecedent : Ryan has a science project due Behavior : Ryan does not complete his science project on time due to playing outside and he receives a zero as a score Consequence :Ryan’s mom takes away his outside privileges for a month Direction of Behavior in the Future : behavior will decrease in the future. Behavioral Principle: negative punishment Examples of Positive Punishment Example One Contingency Diagram Antecedent :Sara’s mom asks her to clean her room Behavior : Sara goes to the mall with her friends instead Consequence :Sara’s mom gave her additional chores for two weeks because she did not complete her chores the day before. Direction of Behavior in the Future: Behavior will decrease in the future. Behavioral Principle: Positive punishment Example Two Contingency Diagram Antecedent : Maya is scheduled to work on Monday Behavior : Maya does not show up for work Consequence : Maya’s boss writes her up and she receives negative points to her employee score

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4 Direction of Behavior in the Future : Behavior will decrease in the future. Behavioral Principle: Positive punishment

5 References Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.

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